SEC Filing | Reinsurance Group of America, Inc

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rga-20210630

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-11848

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


Missouri						43-1627032
(State or other jurisdiction						(IRS employer
of incorporation or organization)						identification number)

16600 Swingley Ridge Road

Chesterfield, Missouri 63017

(Address of principal executive offices)

(636) 736-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ☒ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o

Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01

RGA

New York Stock Exchange

6.20% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Debentures due 2042

RZA

New York Stock Exchange

5.75% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Debentures due 2056

RZB

New York Stock Exchange

As of July 31, 2021, 67,996,937 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Item		Page

	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) three and six months June 30, 2021 and 2020	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited):	8
	1. Business and Basis of Presentation	8
	2. Earnings Per Share	8
	3. Equity	9
	4. Investments	11
	5. Derivative Instruments	20
	6. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities	26
	7. Segment Information	33
	8. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees	35
	9. Income Tax	36
	10. Employee Benefit Plans	37
	11. Reinsurance	37
	12. Policy Claims and Benefits	38
	13. Financing Activities	38
	14. New Accounting Standards	38
2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	41
3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	70
4	Controls and Procedures	70

	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

1	Legal Proceedings	71
1A	Risk Factors	71
2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	71
6	Exhibits	71
	Index to Exhibits	72
	Signatures	73

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(Dollars in millions, except share data)
Assets
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $52,797 and $49,548; allowance for credit losses of $16 and $20)	$	58,287	$	56,735
Equity securities, at fair value	147		132
Mortgage loans on real estate (net of allowance for credit losses of $45 and $64)	6,481		5,787
Policy loans	1,254		1,258
Funds withheld at interest	7,049		5,432
Short-term investments	184		227
Other invested assets	2,924		2,829
Total investments	76,326		72,400
Cash and cash equivalents	3,254		3,408
Accrued investment income	525		511
Premiums receivable and other reinsurance balances	3,102		2,842
Reinsurance ceded receivables	1,093		983
Deferred policy acquisition costs	3,622		3,616
Other assets	1,022		896
Total assets	$	88,944	$	84,656
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Future policy benefits	$	33,761	$	31,453
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities	26,161		23,276
Other policy claims and benefits	6,795		6,413
Other reinsurance balances	531		598
Deferred income taxes	2,699		3,263
Other liabilities	2,057		1,340

Long-term debt	3,173		3,573
Collateral finance and securitization notes	323		388
Total liabilities	75,500		70,304
Commitments and contingent liabilities (See Note 8)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock – par value $0.01 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock – par value $0.01 per share, 140,000,000 shares authorized, 85,310,598 shares issued at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	1		1
Additional paid-in capital	2,430		2,406
Retained earnings	8,531		8,148
Treasury stock, at cost – 17,313,661 and 17,353,697 shares	(1,559)		(1,562)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4,041		5,359
Total stockholders’ equity	13,444		14,352
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	88,944	$	84,656

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues:	(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net premiums	$	3,098	$	2,790	$	6,012	$	5,609
Investment income, net of related expenses	759		645		1,571		1,239




Investment related gains (losses), net	112		81		414		(204)
Other revenues	168		90		259		166
Total revenues	4,137		3,606		8,256		6,810
Benefits and Expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	2,813		2,700		6,005		5,364
Interest credited	218		187		364		333
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	339		290		672		538
Other operating expenses	240		188		454		383
Interest expense	43		42		88		83
Collateral finance and securitization expense	2		4		5		10
Total benefits and expenses	3,655		3,411		7,588		6,711
Income before income taxes	482		195		668		99
Provision for income taxes	138		37		185		29
Net income	$	344	$	158	$	483	$	70
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	5.06	$	2.49	$	7.11	$	1.12
Diluted earnings per share	$	5.02	$	2.48	$	7.06	$	1.11

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Comprehensive income (loss)	(Dollars in millions)
Net income	$	344	$	158	$	483	$	70
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	19		13		49		(118)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)	1,020		2,663		(1,367)		790

Defined benefit pension and postretirement plan adjustments	—		(5)		—		(8)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	1,039		2,671		(1,318)		664
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	1,383	$	2,829	$	(835)	$	734

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in millions except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020
	Common Stock		Additional Paid In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	1	$	2,411	$	8,235	$	(1,559)	$	3,002	$	12,090

Net income					344						344
Total other comprehensive income (loss)									1,039		1,039
Dividends to stockholders, $0.70 per share					(47)						(47)

Purchase of treasury stock							(1)				(1)
Reissuance of treasury stock			19		(1)		1				19
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	1	$	2,430	$	8,531	$	(1,559)	$	4,041	$	13,444


Balance, March 31, 2020	$	1	$	1,942	$	7,802	$	(1,574)	$	1,130	$	9,301

Net income					158						158
Total other comprehensive income (loss)									2,671		2,671
Dividends to stockholders, $0.70 per share					(43)						(43)
Issuance of common stock, net of expenses			481								481
Purchase of treasury stock							(6)				(6)
Reissuance of treasury stock			(10)		(16)		17				(9)
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	1	$	2,413	$	7,901	$	(1,563)	$	3,801	$	12,553


	Six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020
	Common Stock		Additional Paid In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	1	$	2,406	$	8,148	$	(1,562)	$	5,359	$	14,352
Adoption of new accounting standards					—						—
Net income					483						483
Total other comprehensive income (loss)									(1,318)		(1,318)
Dividends to stockholders, $1.40 per share					(95)						(95)
Issuance of common stock, net of expenses											—
Purchase of treasury stock							(2)				(2)
Reissuance of treasury stock			24		(5)		5				24
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	1	$	2,430	$	8,531	$	(1,559)	$	4,041	$	13,444


Balance, December 31, 2019	$	1	$	1,937	$	7,952	$	(1,426)	$	3,137	$	11,601
Adoption of new accounting standards					(12)						(12)
Net income					70						70
Total other comprehensive income (loss)									664		664
Dividends to stockholders, $1.40 per share					(87)						(87)
Issuance of common stock, net of expenses			481								481
Purchase of treasury stock							(162)				(162)
Reissuance of treasury stock			(5)		(22)		25				(2)
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	1	$	2,413	$	7,901	$	(1,563)	$	3,801	$	12,553

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020
	(Dollars in millions)
















Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	2,330	$	2,579
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	7,235		3,835
Maturities of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	545		406
Sales of equity securities	3		180
Principal payments and sales of mortgage loans on real estate	417		283
Principal payments on policy loans	12		15
Purchases of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	(9,885)		(4,875)
Purchases of equity securities	(1)		(21)
Cash invested in mortgage loans on real estate	(783)		(604)
Cash invested in policy loans	(8)		(6)
Cash invested in funds withheld at interest	(52)		(49)
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash transferred of $43	19		—
Purchases of property and equipment	(10)		(11)
Change in short-term investments	223		(19)
Change in other invested assets	112		(158)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(2,173)		(1,024)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends to stockholders	(95)		(87)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net	—		481
Repayment of collateral finance and securitization notes	(65)		(160)
Proceeds from long-term debt issuance	—		598
Debt issuance costs	—		(5)
Principal payments of long-term debt	(401)		(1)
Purchases of treasury stock	(2)		(162)
Exercise of stock options, net	—		1
Change in cash collateral for derivative positions and other arrangements	184		93
Deposits on universal life and other investment type policies and contracts	599		1,004
Withdrawals on universal life and other investment type policies and contracts	(520)		(429)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(300)		1,333
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(11)		(24)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(154)		2,864
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	3,408		1,449
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	3,254	$	4,313
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	85	$	80
Income taxes paid (received), net of refunds	$	185	$	(12)
Non-cash investing activities:
Transfer of invested assets	$	1,557	$	—

Sale of businesses:
Assets disposed, net of cash transferred	$	(512)	$	—
Liabilities disposed	$	504	$	—

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Business and Basis of Presentation

Business

Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (“RGA”) is an insurance holding company that was formed on December 31, 1992. RGA and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is engaged in providing traditional reinsurance, which includes individual and group life and health, disability, and critical illness reinsurance. The Company also provides financial solutions, which includes longevity reinsurance, asset-intensive products, primarily annuities, financial reinsurance, capital solutions and stable value products.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021 (the “2020 Annual Report”).

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.

Consolidation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RGA and its subsidiaries and all intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Entities in which the Company has significant influence over the operating and financing decisions but are not required to be consolidated are reported under the equity method of accounting.

2. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share on net income (in millions, except per share information):


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Earnings:
Net income	$	344	$	158	$	483	$	70
Shares:
Weighted average outstanding shares	68		63		68		63
Equivalent shares from outstanding stock options	1		1		1		1
Denominator for diluted calculation	69		64		69		64
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	5.06	$	2.49	$	7.11	$	1.12
Diluted	$	5.02	$	2.48	$	7.06	$	1.11

The calculation of common equivalent shares does not include the impact of stock awards with a conversion price that exceeds the average stock price for the earnings period, as the result would be antidilutive. The calculation of common equivalent shares also excludes the impact of outstanding performance contingent shares, as the conditions necessary for their issuance have not been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period. Approximately 0.9 million and 1.3 million stock awards and approximately 0.5 million performance contingent shares were excluded from the calculation of common equivalent shares during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, respectively.

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3. Equity

Common Stock

The changes in the number of common stock issued, held in treasury and outstanding are as follows for the periods indicated:


	Issued	Held In Treasury	Outstanding
Balance, December 31, 2020	85,310,598	17,353,697	67,956,901

Issuance of common stock	—	—	—
Common stock acquired	—	—	—
Stock-based compensation (1)	—	(40,036)	40,036
Balance, June 30, 2021	85,310,598	17,313,661	67,996,937


	Issued	Held In Treasury	Outstanding
Balance, December 31, 2019	79,137,758	16,481,656	62,656,102

Issuance of common stock	6,172,840	—	6,172,840
Common stock acquired	—	1,074,413	(1,074,413)
Stock-based compensation (1)	—	(181,330)	181,330
Balance, June 30, 2020	85,310,598	17,374,739	67,935,859

(1)Represents net shares issued from treasury pursuant to the Company’s equity-based compensation programs.

Common Stock Held in Treasury

Common stock held in treasury is accounted for at average cost. Gains resulting from the reissuance of common stock held in treasury are credited to additional paid-in capital. Losses resulting from the reissuance of common stock held in treasury are charged first to additional paid-in capital to the extent the Company has previously recorded gains on treasury share transactions, then to retained earnings.

In January 2019, RGA’s board of directors authorized a repurchase program for up to $400 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock. The authorization was effective immediately and does not have an expiration date. On August 3, 2021, the Company announced the lifting of the existing suspension on share repurchases. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, RGA did not repurchase any shares of common stock under this program. During the first six months of 2020, RGA repurchased 1,074,413 shares of common stock under this program for $153 million.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The balance of and changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (dollars in millions):


	Accumulated Currency Translation Adjustments		Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) of Investments(1)		Pension and Postretirement Benefits		Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	(69)	$	5,500	$	(72)	$	5,359
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	55		(1,607)		(3)		(1,555)
Amounts reclassified to (from) AOCI	—		(154)		3		(151)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(6)		394		—		388

Balance, June 30, 2021	$	(20)	$	4,133	$	(72)	$	4,041


	Accumulated Currency Translation Adjustments		Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) of Investments(1)		Pension and Postretirement Benefits		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	(92)	$	3,299	$	(70)	$	3,137
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(116)		1,034		(12)		906
Amounts reclassified to (from) AOCI	—		—		2		2
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(2)		(244)		2		(244)

Balance, June 30, 2020	$	(210)	$	4,089	$	(78)	$	3,801

(1)Includes cash flow hedges of $(40) and $(49) as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and $(74) and $(26) as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. See Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” for additional information on cash flow hedges.

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The following table presents the amounts of AOCI reclassifications for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions):


	Amount Reclassified from AOCI
	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
Details about AOCI Components	2021		2020		2021		2020		Affected Line Item in Statements of Income
Net unrealized investment gains (losses):
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	$	26	$	11	$	183	$	(28)	Investment related gains (losses), net
Cash flow hedges – Interest rate	—		(1)		(2)		(1)		(1)
Cash flow hedges – Currency/Interest rate	(4)		—		(4)		—		(1)

Deferred policy acquisition costs attributed to unrealized gains and losses	19		131		(23)		29		(2)
Total	41		141		154		—
Provision for income taxes	(9)		(29)		(33)		(2)
Net unrealized gains (losses), net of tax	$	32	$	112	$	121	$	(2)
Amortization of defined benefit plan items:
Prior service cost (credit)	$	1	$	1	$	1	$	1	(3)
Actuarial gains (losses)	(3)		(2)		(4)		(3)		(3)
Total	(2)		(1)		(3)		(2)
Provision for income taxes	1		—		1		—
Amortization of defined benefit plans, net of tax	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	(2)	$	(2)

Total reclassifications for the period	$	31	$	111	$	119	$	(4)

(1)See Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” for additional information on cash flow hedges.

(2)This AOCI component is included in the computation of the deferred policy acquisition cost. See Note 8 – “Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs” of the 2020 Annual Report for additional details.

(3)This AOCI component is included in the computation of the net periodic pension cost. See Note 10 – “Employee Benefit Plans” for additional details.

Equity Based Compensation

Equity compensation expense was $24 million and $(5) million in the first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company granted 200,239 stock appreciation rights at $129.01 weighted average exercise price per share, 167,883 performance contingent awards and 327,813 restricted stock units to employees. Performance contingent awards include both performance contingent shares and performance share units. Additionally, non-employee directors were granted a total of 8,154 shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2021, 1,633,693 share awards at a weighted average strike price per share of $96.87 were vested and exercisable, with a remaining weighted average exercise period of 4.4 years. As of June 30, 2021, the total compensation cost of non-vested awards not yet recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements was $56 million. It is estimated that these costs will vest over a weighted average period of 1.0 year.

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4. Investments

Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale

The Company holds various types of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale and classifies them as corporate securities (“Corporate”), Canadian and Canadian provincial government securities (“Canadian government”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), asset-backed securities (“ABS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), U.S. government and agencies (“U.S. government”), state and political subdivisions, and other foreign government, supranational and foreign government-sponsored enterprises (“Other foreign government”). RMBS, ABS and CMBS are collectively “structured securities.”

The following tables provide information relating to investments in fixed maturity securities by type as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


June 30, 2021:	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total
Available-for-sale:
Corporate	$	33,687	$	11	$	3,465	$	137	$	37,004	63.4	%
Canadian government	3,303		—		1,602		2		4,903		8.4
RMBS	1,323		—		60		6		1,377		2.4
ABS	3,467		—		36		21		3,482		6.0
CMBS	1,774		1		102		6		1,869		3.2
U.S. government	1,295		—		47		24		1,318		2.3
State and political subdivisions	1,206		—		144		6		1,344		2.3
Other foreign government	6,742		4		317		65		6,990		12.0
Total fixed maturity securities	$	52,797	$	16	$	5,773	$	267	$	58,287	100.0	%


December 31, 2020:	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total
Available-for-sale:
Corporate	$	31,963	$	17	$	4,356	$	94	$	36,208	63.9	%
Canadian government	3,145		—		1,995		—		5,140		9.1
RMBS	1,735		—		84		2		1,817		3.2
ABS	3,099		—		35		42		3,092		5.4
CMBS	1,790		3		102		21		1,868		3.3
U.S. government	1,242		—		196		1		1,437		2.5
State and political subdivisions	1,237		—		157		4		1,390		2.4
Other foreign government	5,337		—		479		33		5,783		10.2
Total fixed maturity securities	$	49,548	$	20	$	7,404	$	197	$	56,735	100.0	%

The Company enters into various collateral arrangements with counterparties that require both the pledging and acceptance of fixed maturity securities as collateral. Pledged fixed maturity securities are included in fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Fixed maturity securities received as collateral are held in separate custodial accounts and are not recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Subject to certain constraints, the Company is permitted by contract to sell or repledge collateral it receives; however, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, none of the collateral received had been sold or repledged. The Company also holds assets in trust to satisfy collateral requirements under derivative transactions and certain third-party reinsurance treaties. The following table includes fixed maturity securities pledged and received as collateral and assets in trust held to satisfy collateral requirements under derivative transactions and certain third-party reinsurance treaties as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities pledged as collateral	$	125	$	135	$	148	$	162
Fixed maturity securities received as collateral	n/a		1,881		n/a		1,784
Assets in trust held to satisfy collateral requirements	27,929		30,749		27,675		31,179

The Company monitors its concentrations of financial instruments on an ongoing basis and mitigates credit risk by maintaining a diversified investment portfolio that limits exposure to any one issuer. The Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk from single issuers greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity included the securities disclosed below, as of

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June 30, 2021. The Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk from single issuers greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity included securities of the U.S. government and its agencies as well as the securities disclosed below as of December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions).


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities guaranteed or issued by:
Government of Japan	$	2,890	$	2,879	$	1,493	$	1,491
Canadian province of Quebec	1,372		2,315		1,303		2,474
Canadian province of Ontario	1,097		1,477		1,054		1,528

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale as of June 30, 2021, are shown by contractual maturity in the table below (dollars in millions). Actual maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Structured securities are shown separately in the table below, as they are not due at a single maturity date.


	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale:
Due in one year or less	$	1,143	$	1,150
Due after one year through five years	8,350		8,887
Due after five years through ten years	10,565		11,518
Due after ten years	26,175		30,004
Structured securities	6,564		6,728
Total	$	52,797	$	58,287

Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities

The tables below show the major sectors of the Company’s corporate fixed maturity holdings as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


June 30, 2021:			Estimated
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total
Finance	$	12,479	$	13,627	36.8	%
Industrial	17,032		18,749		50.7
Utility	4,176		4,628		12.5

Total	$	33,687	$	37,004	100.0	%

December 31, 2020:			Estimated
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		% of Total
Finance	$	11,785	$	13,236	36.6	%
Industrial	16,274		18,435		50.9
Utility	3,904		4,537		12.5
Total	$	31,963	$	36,208	100.0	%

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Allowance for Credit Losses and Impairments – Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale

As discussed in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report, allowances for credit losses on fixed maturity securities are recognized in investment related gains (losses), net on the condensed consolidated statements of income. For these securities, the net amount recognized represents the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate implicit in the fixed maturity security prior to the allowance for credit losses. Any remaining difference between the fair value and amortized cost is recognized in AOCI.

The following table presents the rollforward of the allowance for credit losses in fixed maturity securities by type for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions):


	Six months ended June 30, 2021
	Corporate		CMBS		Other Foreign Government		Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	17	$	3	$	—	$	20
Credit losses recognized on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	2		1		4		7

Reductions for securities sold during the period	(8)		(2)		—		(10)
Additional increases or decreases for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	—		(1)		—		(1)

Balance, end of period	$	11	$	1	$	4	$	16


	Six months ended June 30, 2020
	Corporate		CMBS		Other Foreign Government		Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Credit losses recognized on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	40		—		2		42
Reductions for securities sold during the period	(8)		—		(1)		(9)
Balance, end of period	$	32	$	—	$	1	$	33

Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale

The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for the 1,223 and 877 fixed maturity securities as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by the indicated amount (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Gross Unrealized Losses		% of Total		Gross Unrealized Losses		% of Total
Less than 20%	$	213	79.8	%	$	133	67.5	%
20% or more for less than six months	2		0.7		42		21.3
20% or more for six months or greater	52		19.5		22		11.2
Total	$	267	100.0	%	$	197	100.0	%

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The following tables present the estimated fair values and gross unrealized losses for fixed maturity securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions). These investments are presented by class and grade of security, as well as the length of time the related fair value has remained below amortized cost.


	Less than 12 months				12 months or greater				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
June 30, 2021:	Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
Investment grade securities:
Corporate	$	2,596	$	79	$	168	$	6	$	2,764	$	85
Canadian government	24		2		—		—		24		2
RMBS	261		5		21		1		282		6
ABS	800		4		754		5		1,554		9
CMBS	—		—		24		1		24		1
U.S. government	364		24		—		—		364		24
State and political subdivisions	95		2		29		4		124		6
Other foreign government	1,630		37		561		23		2,191		60
Total investment grade securities	5,770		153		1,557		40		7,327		193
Below investment grade securities:
Corporate	258		42		168		10		426		52


ABS	24		1		15		11		39		12
CMBS	—		—		43		5		43		5

Other foreign government	66		3		16		2		82		5
Total below investment grade securities	348		46		242		28		590		74
Total fixed maturity securities	$	6,118	$	199	$	1,799	$	68	$	7,917	$	267


	Less than 12 months				12 months or greater				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
December 31, 2020:	Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized
	Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses
Investment grade securities:
Corporate	$	930	$	29	$	70	$	5	$	1,000	$	34
Canadian government	—		—		—		—		—		—
RMBS	294		2		—		—		294		2
ABS	1,096		17		570		11		1,666		28
CMBS	160		6		—		—		160		6
U.S. government	27		1		—		—		27		1
State and political subdivisions	66		1		16		3		82		4
Other foreign government	973		27		—		—		973		27
Total investment grade securities	3,546		83		656		19		4,202		102
Below investment grade securities:
Corporate	375		49		81		11		456		60


ABS	20		13		4		1		24		14
CMBS	91		15		—		—		91		15

Other foreign government	36		3		28		3		64		6
Total below investment grade securities	522		80		113		15		635		95
Total fixed maturity securities	$	4,068	$	163	$	769	$	34	$	4,837	$	197

The Company has no intention to sell, nor does it expect to be required to sell, the securities outlined in the tables above, as of the dates indicated. However, unforeseen facts and circumstances may cause the Company to sell fixed maturity securities in the ordinary course of managing its portfolio to meet certain diversification, credit quality and liquidity guidelines. Changes in unrealized losses are primarily driven by changes in interest rates.

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Investment Income and Investment Related Gains (Loss), Net – Accounting Correction

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company reclassified approximately $92 million of pre-tax unrealized gains from AOCI to investment income, net of related expenses associated with investments in limited partnerships and private equity funds for which it utilizes the equity method of accounting. The unrealized gains should have been recognized directly in investment income in the same prior periods they were reported by the investees. In addition, the Company recorded approximately $70 million of pre-tax gains in investment related gains (losses), net, associated with investments in limited partnerships considered to be investment companies in order to adjust the carrying value from cost less impairments to a fair value approach, using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share or its equivalent. Had the adjustments been recorded in the years they were reported by the investees, the Company estimates it would have recognized approximately $102 million, $(2) million, $1 million and $10 million of pre-tax income (loss) in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Investment Income, Net of Related Expenses

Major categories of investment income, net of related expenses, consist of the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	$	516	$	474	$	1,011	$	954
Equity securities	1		1		3		3
Mortgage loans on real estate	73		66		139		133
Policy loans	13		14		27		29
Funds withheld at interest	95		69		179		122
Short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents	—		2		1		6
Other invested assets	87		41		261		36
Investment income	785		667		1,621		1,283
Investment expense	(26)		(22)		(50)		(44)
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	759	$	645	$	1,571	$	1,239

Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net

Investment related gains (losses), net, consist of the following (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Impairments and change in allowance for credit losses	$	5	$	—	$	3	$	(34)
Gain on investment activity	53		46		220		73
Loss on investment activity	(30)		(46)		(43)		(54)
Net gains (losses) on equity securities	20		8		23		(15)
Other impairment losses and change in mortgage loan allowance for credit losses	3		(22)		21		(35)
Change in fair value of certain limited partnership investments and other, net	32		8		143		17
Net gains (losses) on derivatives	29		87		47		(156)
Total investment related gains (losses), net	$	112	$	81	$	414	$	(204)

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Securities Borrowing, Lending and Repurchase Agreements

The following table includes the amount of borrowed securities, loaned securities and securities received as collateral as part of the securities lending program and repurchased/reverse repurchased securities pledged, securities received and cash received as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions).


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Borrowed securities	$	318	$	360	$	118	$	161
Securities lending:
Securities loaned	94		103		94		105
Securities received	n/a		102		n/a		102
Repurchase program/reverse repurchase program:
Securities pledged	877		919		653		711
Securities received	n/a		670		n/a		669
Cash received	n/a		207		n/a		—

No cash or securities have been pledged by the Company for its securities borrowing and lending programs as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

The following tables present information on the Company’s securities lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (dollars in millions). Collateral associated with certain borrowed securities is not included within the tables, as the collateral pledged to each counterparty is the right to reinsurance treaty cash flows.


	June 30, 2021
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30 – 90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
Securities lending transactions:
Corporate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	103	$	103
Total	—		—		—		103		103
Repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions:
Corporate	—		—		—		411		411





Other foreign government	—		—		220		288		508


Total	—		—		220		699		919
Total transactions	$	—	$	—	$	220	$	802	$	1,022

Gross amount of recognized liabilities for securities lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions in preceding table									$	979
Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure									$	43


	December 31, 2020
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30 – 90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
Securities lending transactions:
Corporate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	105	$	105
Total	—		—		—		105		105
Repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions:
Corporate	—		—		—		417		417


Other foreign government	—		—		—		294		294

Total	—		—		—		711		711
Total transactions	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	816	$	816

Gross amount of recognized liabilities for securities lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase transactions in preceding table									$	771
Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure									$	45

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The Company has elected to offset amounts recognized as receivables and payables resulting from the repurchase/reverse repurchase programs excluding any cash received or paid. After the effect of offsetting, there was no liability presented on the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. As of June 30, 2021, the Company recognized payables resulting from cash received as collateral associated with a repurchase/reverse repurchase agreement. As of December 31, 2020, the Company did not have payables resulting from cash received as collateral associated with repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements. Amounts owed to and due from the counterparties may be settled in cash or offset, in accordance with the agreements.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

As of June 30, 2021, mortgage loans were geographically dispersed throughout the U.S. with the largest concentrations in Texas (13.5%), California (13.4%) and Washington (8.1%), in addition to loans secured by properties in Canada (3.2%) and United Kingdom (1.8%). The recorded investment in mortgage loans on real estate presented below is gross of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and expenses and allowance for credit losses.

The following table presents the distribution of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans by property type as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
Property type:	Carrying Value		% of Total		Carrying Value		% of Total
Office	$	1,733	26.5	%	$	1,702	29.0	%
Retail	2,036		31.2		1,711		29.3
Industrial	1,388		21.2		1,210		20.6
Apartment	897		13.7		808		13.8
Other commercial	483		7.4		430		7.3
Recorded investment	6,537		100.0	%	5,861		100.0	%
Unamortized balance of loan origination fees and expenses	(11)				(10)
Allowance for credit losses	(45)				(64)
Total mortgage loans on real estate	$	6,481			$	5,787

The following table presents the maturities of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Recorded Investment		% of Total		Recorded Investment		% of Total
Due within five years	$	2,585	39.6	%	$	2,276	38.8	%
Due after five years through ten years	2,845		43.5		2,768		47.3
Due after ten years	1,107		16.9		817		13.9
Total	$	6,537	100.0	%	$	5,861	100.0	%

The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	Recorded Investment
	Debt Service Ratios						Construction Loans
	>1.20x		1.00x – 1.20x		<1.00x				Total		% of Total
June 30, 2021:
Loan-to-Value Ratio
0% – 59.99%	$	3,053	$	274	$	65	$	24	$	3,416	52.2	%
60% – 69.99%	2,110		200		42		—		2,352		36.0
70% – 79.99%	503		36		16		—		555		8.5
80% or greater	193		—		21		—		214		3.3
Total	$	5,859	$	510	$	144	$	24	$	6,537	100.0	%

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	Recorded Investment
	Debt Service Ratios						Construction Loans
	>1.20x		1.00x – 1.20x		<1.00x				Total		% of Total
December 31, 2020:
Loan-to-Value Ratio
0% – 59.99%	$	2,774	$	106	$	17	$	12	$	2,909	49.6	%
60% – 69.99%	2,013		62		33		—		2,108		36.0
70% – 79.99%	555		49		13		—		617		10.5
80% or greater	189		21		17		—		227		3.9
Total	$	5,531	$	238	$	80	$	12	$	5,861	100.0	%

The following table sets forth credit quality grades by year of origination of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	Recorded Investment
	Year of Origination
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total
June 30, 2021:
Internal credit quality grade:
High investment grade	$	491	$	406	$	569	$	468	$	304	$	1,686	$	3,924
Investment grade	263		366		474		371		399		580		2,453
Average	6		—		—		39		18		57		120
Watch list	—		—		—		—		—		4		4
In or near default	—		—		—		—		—		36		36
Total	$	760	$	772	$	1,043	$	878	$	721	$	2,363	$	6,537


	Recorded Investment
	Year of Origination
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Total
December 31, 2020:
Internal credit quality grade:
High investment grade	$	411	$	616	$	493	$	336	$	574	$	1,008	$	3,438
Investment grade	352		496		399		407		249		368		2,271
Average	—		—		—		19		37		55		111
Watch list	—		—		—		—		—		4		4
In or near default	—		—		—		—		—		37		37
Total	$	763	$	1,112	$	892	$	762	$	860	$	1,472	$	5,861

The following table presents the current and past due composition of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Current	$	6,522	$	5,846
31 – 60 days past due	15		15



Total	$	6,537	$	5,861

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The following table presents the recorded investment in mortgage loans, by method of measuring impairment, and the related allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Mortgage loans:
Individually measured for impairment	$	36	$	37
Collectively measured for impairment	6,501		5,824
Recorded investment	$	6,537	$	5,861
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually measured for impairment	$	—	$	—
Collectively measured for impairment	45		64
Total allowance for credit losses	$	45	$	64

The following table presents information regarding the Company’s allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans (dollars in millions):


	Six months ended June 30,
		2021		2020
Balance, beginning of period		$	64	$	12
Adoption of new accounting standard, see Note 14		—		14
Change in allowance for credit losses		(19)		30
Balance, end of period		$	45	$	56

The following table presents information regarding the portion of the Company’s mortgage loans that were impaired as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Carrying Value
June 30, 2021:
Impaired mortgage loans with no allowance for credit losses recorded	$	36	$	36	$	—	$	36
Impaired mortgage loans with allowance for credit losses recorded	—		—		—		—
Total impaired mortgage loans	$	36	$	36	$	—	$	36
December 31, 2020:
Impaired mortgage loans with no allowance for credit losses recorded	$	37	$	37	$	—	$	37
Impaired mortgage loans with allowance for credit losses recorded	—		—		—		—
Total impaired mortgage loans	$	37	$	37	$	—	$	37

The Company’s average investment balance of impaired mortgage loans and the related interest income are reflected in the table below for the periods indicated (dollars in millions):
	Three months ended June 30,
	2021				2020
	Average Recorded Investment(1)		Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment(1)		Interest Income
Impaired mortgage loans with no allowance for credit losses recorded	$	36	$	1	$	17	$	—

Total impaired mortgage loans	$	36	$	1	$	17	$	—

	Six months ended June 30,
	2021				2020
	Average Recorded Investment(1)		Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment(1)		Interest Income
Impaired mortgage loans with no allowance for credit losses recorded	$	36	$	1	$	17	$	—

Total impaired mortgage loans	$	36	$	1	$	17	$	—

(1)Average recorded investment represents the average loan balances as of the beginning of period and all subsequent quarterly end of period balances.

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The Company did not acquire any impaired mortgage loans during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. The Company had no mortgage loans that were on a nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company modified the payment terms of one commercial mortgage loan, with a carrying value of approximately $10 million in response to COVID-19. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company modified the payment terms of 52 commercial mortgage loans, with a carrying value of approximately $660 million in response to COVID-19. These loans met the criteria established in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) and were not considered a troubled debt restructuring. In accordance with the CARES Act criteria, these loans were not more than 30 days past due at December 31, 2019, and the modifications included deferral or delayed payments of principal or interest on the loan.

Policy Loans

The majority of policy loans are associated with one client. These policy loans present no credit risk as the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due to the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the underlying policies determine the policy loan interest rates. The Company earns a spread between the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate credited to corresponding liabilities.

Funds Withheld at Interest

As of June 30, 2021, $4.7 billion of the funds withheld at interest balance is associated with two clients. For reinsurance agreements written on modco basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance funds withheld basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company and are reflected as funds withheld at interest. In the event of a ceding company’s insolvency, the Company would need to assert a claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities. However, the risk of loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset amounts it owes the ceding company for claims or allowances against amounts owed to the Company from the ceding company.

Other Invested Assets

Other invested assets include limited partnership interests, joint ventures (other than operating joint ventures), lifetime mortgages, derivative contracts and fair value option (“FVO”) contractholder-directed unit-linked investments. Other invested assets also include FHLB common stock, which is included in Other in the table below. The allowance for credit losses for lifetime mortgages as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, was $1 million and $2 million, respectively. Carrying values of these assets as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Limited partnership interests and real estate joint ventures	$	1,611	$	1,367
Lifetime mortgages	958		935
Derivatives	146		140
FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments	54		289
Other	155		98
Total other invested assets	$	2,924	$	2,829

5. Derivative Instruments

Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

See Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report for a detailed discussion of the accounting treatment for derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives. See Note 6 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” for additional disclosures related to the fair value hierarchy for derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives.

Types of Derivatives Used by the Company

Commonly used derivative instruments include, but are not necessarily limited to: credit default swaps, financial futures, equity options, foreign currency swaps, foreign currency forwards, interest rate swaps, synthetic guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”), consumer price index (“CPI”) swaps, forward bond purchase commitments, and embedded derivatives.

For detailed information on these derivative instruments and the related strategies, see Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report.

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Summary of Derivative Positions

Derivatives, except for embedded derivatives, are included in other invested assets or other liabilities, at fair value. Embedded derivative assets and liabilities on modco or funds withheld arrangements are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in funds withheld at interest, at fair value. Embedded derivative liabilities on indexed annuity and variable annuity products are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in interest-sensitive contract liabilities, at fair value. The following table presents the notional amounts and gross fair value of derivative instruments prior to taking into account the netting effects of master netting agreements as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


		June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Primary Underlying Risk	Notional		Carrying Value/Fair Value				Notional		Carrying Value/Fair Value
		Amount		Assets		Liabilities		Amount		Assets		Liabilities
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Interest rate	$	1,089	$	74	$	1	$	1,084	$	93	$	1
Financial futures	Equity	254		—		—		258		—		—
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign currency	150		—		6		150		—		18
Foreign currency forwards	Foreign currency	459		1		4		347		4		2
CPI swaps	CPI	607		19		11		612		11		19
Credit default swaps	Credit	1,893		36		1		1,517		13		—
Equity options	Equity	479		23		—		395		29		—
Synthetic GICs	Interest rate	16,489		—		—		16,644		—		—


Embedded derivatives in:
Modco or funds withheld arrangements		—		124		—		—		58		—
Indexed annuity products		—		—		726		—		—		752
Variable annuity products		—		—		154		—		—		155
Total non-hedging derivatives		21,420		277		903		21,007		208		947
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Foreign currency/Interest rate	920		5		27		802		3		24
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign currency	193		3		1		234		8		1
Foreign currency forwards	Foreign currency	1,327		9		24		1,255		10		15
Forward bond purchase commitments	Interest rate	369		7		—		—		—		—
Total hedging derivatives		2,809		24		52		2,291		21		40
Total derivatives		$	24,229	$	301	$	955	$	23,298	$	229	$	987

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Fair Value Hedges

The Company designates and reports certain foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency fair value exposure of foreign currency denominated assets as fair value hedges when they meet the requirements of the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging. The gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to a change in foreign currency and the offsetting gain or loss on the related foreign currency swaps as of June 30, 2021 and 2020 were (dollars in millions):


Type of Fair Value Hedge	Hedged Item	Gains (Losses) Recognized for Derivatives		Gains (Losses) Recognized for Hedged Items
		Investment Related Gains (Losses)
For the three months ended June 30, 2021:
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	(2)	$	2
For the three months ended June 30, 2020:
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	15	$	(13)
For the six months ended June 30, 2021:
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	(2)	$	3
For the six months ended June 30, 2020:
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign-denominated fixed maturity securities	$	(8)	$	2

Cash Flow Hedges

Certain derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges when they meet the requirements of the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging. The Company designates and accounts for the following as cash flow hedges: (i) certain interest rate swaps, in which the cash flows of assets and liabilities are variable based on a benchmark rate; (ii) certain interest rate swaps, in which the cash flows of assets are denominated in different currencies, commonly referred to as cross-currency swaps; and (iii) forward bond purchase commitments.

The following tables present the components of AOCI, before income tax, and the condensed consolidated income statement classification where the gain or loss is recognized related to cash flow hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30,
	2021		2020
Balance, beginning of period	$	(71)	$	(87)
Gains deferred in other comprehensive income (loss)	29		12

Amounts reclassified to investment income	—		—
Amounts reclassified to interest expense	2		1
Balance, end of period	$	(40)	$	(74)

	Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020
Balance, beginning of period	$	(49)	$	(26)
Gains (losses) deferred in other comprehensive income (loss)	5		(49)

Amounts reclassified to investment income	—		—
Amounts reclassified to interest expense	4		1
Balance, end of period	$	(40)	$	(74)

As of June 30, 2021, approximately $6 million of before-tax deferred net losses on derivative instruments recorded in AOCI are expected to be reclassified to interest expense during the next twelve months. For the same time period, there was an immaterial amount of before-tax deferred net gains expected to be reclassified to investment income during the next twelve months.

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The following table presents the effect of derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships on the condensed consolidated statements of income and the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions):


Derivative Type	Gain (Loss) Deferred in AOCI		Gain (Loss) Reclassified into Income from AOCI
			Investment Income		Interest Expense
For the three months ended June 30, 2021:
Interest rate	$	29	$	—	$	(2)
Foreign currency/interest rate	—		—		—
Total	$	29	$	—	$	(2)
For the three months ended June 30, 2020:
Interest rate	$	(1)	$	—	$	(1)
Foreign currency/interest rate	13		—		—

Total	$	12	$	—	$	(1)

For the six months ended June 30, 2021:
Interest rate	$	6	$	—	$	(4)
Foreign currency/interest rate	(1)		—		—

Total	$	5	$	—	$	(4)
For the six months ended June 30, 2020:
Interest rate	$	(36)	$	—	$	(1)
Foreign currency/interest rate	(13)		—		—

Total	$	(49)	$	—	$	(1)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, there were no material amounts reclassified into earnings relating to instances in which the Company discontinued cash flow hedge accounting because the forecasted transaction did not occur by the anticipated date or within the additional time period permitted by the authoritative guidance for the accounting for derivatives and hedging.

Hedges of Net Investments in Foreign Operations

The Company uses foreign currency swaps and foreign currency forwards to hedge a portion of its net investment in certain foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. The following table illustrates the Company’s net investments in foreign operations (“NIFO”) hedges and the gains (losses) deferred in AOCI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions):


	Derivative Gains (Losses) Deferred in AOCI
	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
Type of NIFO Hedge	2021		2020		2021		2020
Foreign currency swaps	$	(2)	$	(6)	$	(3)	$	9
Foreign currency forwards	(10)		(34)		(24)		46
Total	$	(12)	$	(40)	$	(27)	$	55

The cumulative foreign currency translation gain recorded in AOCI related to these hedges was $112 million and $139 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. If a hedged foreign operation was sold or substantially liquidated, the amounts in AOCI would be reclassified to the condensed consolidated statements of income. A pro rata portion would be reclassified upon partial sale of a hedged foreign operation. There were no sales or substantial liquidations of net investments in foreign operations that would have required the reclassification of gains or losses from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into investment income during the periods presented.

Non-qualifying Derivatives and Derivatives for Purposes Other Than Hedging

The Company uses various other derivative instruments for risk management purposes that either do not qualify or have not been qualified for hedge accounting treatment. The gain or loss related to the change in fair value for these derivative instruments is recognized in investment related gains (losses), net in the condensed consolidated statements of income, except where otherwise noted.

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A summary of the effect of non-hedging derivatives, including embedded derivatives, on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 is as follows (dollars in millions):


		Three months ended June 30,
Type of Non-hedging Derivative	Income Statement Location of Gain (Loss)	2021		2020
Interest rate swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	$	33	$	3
Financial futures	Investment related gains (losses), net	(9)		(48)
Foreign currency swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	3		3
Foreign currency forwards	Investment related gains (losses), net	(1)		1
CPI swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	3		26
Credit default swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	12		17
Equity options	Investment related gains (losses), net	(11)		(25)


Subtotal		30		(23)
Embedded derivatives in:
Modco or funds withheld arrangements	Investment related gains (losses), net	16		1

Indexed annuity products	Interest credited	(13)		(7)
Variable annuity products	Investment related gains (losses), net	(17)		107
Total non-hedging derivatives		$	16	$	78

		Six months ended June 30,
Type of Non-hedging Derivative	Income Statement Location of Gain (Loss)	2021		2020
Interest rate swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	$	(37)	$	109
Financial futures	Investment related gains (losses), net	(19)		(4)
Foreign currency swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	12		(10)
Foreign currency forwards	Investment related gains (losses), net	(9)		(2)
CPI swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	21		(14)
Credit default swaps	Investment related gains (losses), net	32		(7)
Equity options	Investment related gains (losses), net	(21)		28


Subtotal		(21)		100
Embedded derivatives in:
Modco or funds withheld arrangements	Investment related gains (losses), net	66		(229)

Indexed annuity products	Interest credited	1		(1)
Variable annuity products	Investment related gains (losses), net	1		(21)
Total non-hedging derivatives		$	47	$	(151)

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Credit Derivatives

The following table presents the estimated fair value, maximum amount of future payments and weighted average years to maturity of credit default swaps sold by the Company at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021					December 31, 2020
Rating Agency Designation of Referenced Credit Obligations(1)	Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps		Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps(2)		Weighted Average Years to Maturity(3)	Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps		Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps(2)		Weighted Average Years to Maturity(3)
AAA/AA+/AA/AA-/A+/A/A-
Single name credit default swaps	$	34	$	715	12.4	$	11	$	287	15.0

Subtotal	34		715		12.4	11		287		15.0
BBB+/BBB/BBB-
Single name credit default swaps	1		181		2.0	2		232		1.6
Credit default swaps referencing indices	—		988		3.4	—		988		3.9
Subtotal	1		1,169		3.2	2		1,220		3.5
BB+/BB/BB-
Single name credit default swaps	—		9		0.5	—		10		0.7

Subtotal	—		9		0.5	—		10		0.7
Total	$	35	$	1,893	6.7	$	13	$	1,517	5.6

(1)The rating agency designations are based on ratings from Standard and Poor’s (“S&P”).

(2)Assumes the value of the referenced credit obligations is zero.

(3)The weighted average years to maturity of the credit default swaps is calculated based on weighted average notional amounts.

Netting Arrangements and Credit Risk

Certain of the Company’s derivatives are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements and reported as a net asset or liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company nets all derivatives that are subject to such arrangements.

The Company has elected to include all derivatives, except embedded derivatives, in the table below, irrespective of whether they are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or a similar agreement. See Note 4 – “Investments” for information regarding the Company’s securities borrowing, lending, and repurchase/reverse repurchase programs.

The following table provides information relating to the netting of the Company’s derivative instruments as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
	Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments (1)		Cash Collateral Pledged/ Received		Net Amount
June 30, 2021:
Derivative assets	$	177	$	(31)	$	146	$	(36)	$	(100)	$	10
Derivative liabilities	75		(31)		44		(121)		(48)		(125)
December 31, 2020:
Derivative assets	$	171	$	(31)	$	140	$	(30)	$	(98)	$	12
Derivative liabilities	80		(31)		49		(146)		(47)		(144)

(1)Includes initial margin posted to a central clearing partner.

The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. Generally, the credit exposure of the Company’s derivative contracts is limited to the fair value and accrued interest of non-collateralized derivative contracts in an asset position at the reporting date. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had credit exposure of $18 million.

Derivatives may be exchange-traded or they may be privately negotiated contracts, which are referred to as over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives. Certain of the Company’s OTC derivatives are cleared and settled through central clearing counterparties (“OTC cleared”) and others are bilateral contracts between two counterparties. The Company manages its credit risk related to OTC derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master netting agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. The Company is only exposed to the default of the central clearing counterparties for OTC

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cleared derivatives, and these transactions require initial and daily variation margin collateral postings. Exchange-traded derivatives are settled on a daily basis, thereby reducing the credit risk exposure in the event of non-performance by counterparties to such financial instruments.

6. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Measurement

General accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures define fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. These principles also establish a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company’s Level 1 assets and liabilities are traded in active exchange markets.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or market standard valuation techniques and assumptions that use significant inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the related assets or liabilities. Prices are determined using valuation methodologies such as discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques that require management’s judgment or estimation in developing inputs that are consistent with those other market participants would use when pricing similar assets and liabilities. Additionally, the Company’s embedded derivatives, all of which are associated with reinsurance treaties, are classified in Level 3 since their values include significant unobservable inputs.

For a discussion of the Company’s valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 6 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report.

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Assets and Liabilities by Hierarchy Level

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are summarized below (dollars in millions):


June 30, 2021:			Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale:
Corporate	$	37,004	$	—	$	33,796	$	3,208
Canadian government	4,903		—		4,903		—
RMBS	1,377		—		1,375		2
ABS	3,482		—		2,896		586
CMBS	1,869		—		1,804		65
U.S. government	1,318		1,198		107		13
State and political subdivisions	1,344		—		1,336		8
Other foreign government	6,990		—		6,949		41
Total fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale	58,287		1,198		53,166		3,923
Equity securities	147		84		—		63
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives and other	206		—		—		206
Cash equivalents	1,167		1,152		15		—
Short-term investments	166		1		165		—
Other invested assets:
Derivatives	146		—		146		—








FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments	54		—		54		—

Other	53		—		53		—
Total other invested assets (1)	253		—		253		—

Total	$	60,226	$	2,435	$	53,599	$	4,192
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives	$	880	$	—	$	—	$	880
Other liabilities:
Derivatives	44		—		44		—








Total	$	924	$	—	$	44	$	880

(1)Other invested assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude limited partnership interests that are measured at estimated fair value using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As of June 30, 2021, the fair value of such investments was $493 million.

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December 31, 2020:			Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale:
Corporate	$	36,208	$	—	$	33,179	$	3,029
Canadian government	5,140		—		5,140		—
RMBS	1,817		—		1,814		3
ABS	3,092		—		2,896		196
CMBS	1,868		—		1,813		55
U.S. government	1,437		1,312		111		14
State and political subdivisions	1,390		—		1,381		9
Other foreign government	5,783		—		5,766		17
Total fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale	56,735		1,312		52,100		3,323
Equity securities	132		79		—		53
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives and other	114		—		—		114
Cash equivalents	1,478		1,478		—		—
Short-term investments	197		32		150		15
Other invested assets:
Derivatives	140		—		140		—








FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments	289		224		65		—


Total other invested assets	429		224		205		—

Total	$	59,085	$	3,125	$	52,455	$	3,505
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives	$	907	$	—	$	—	$	907
Other liabilities:
Derivatives	49		—		49		—










Total	$	956	$	—	$	49	$	907

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Quantitative Information Regarding Internally – Priced Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements that are developed internally by the Company as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	Estimated Fair Value				Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020				June 30, 2021	December 31, 2020
Assets:
Corporate	$	45	$	37	Market comparable securities	Liquidity premium	1%	0-1% (1%)
						EBITDA Multiple	5.0x-7.0x (5.9x)	5.2x-11.2x (7.1x)
ABS	78		87		Market comparable securities	Liquidity premium	1-18% (5%)	1-18% (1%)
U.S. government	13		14		Market comparable securities	Liquidity premium	0-1% (1%)	0-1% (1%)


Equity securities	10		10		Market comparable securities	EBITDA Multiple	6.3x-10.6x (7.9x)	6.9x-10.6x (7.9x)
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives	124		58		Total return swap	Mortality	0-100% (3%)	0-100% (3%)
						Lapse	0-35% (16%)	0-35% (13%)
						Withdrawal	0-5% (3%)	0-5% (3%)
						CVA	0-5% (0%)	0-5% (1%)
						Crediting rate	1-4% (2%)	2-4% (2%)


Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives – indexed annuities	726		752		Discounted cash flow	Mortality	0-100% (3%)	0-100% (3%)
						Lapse	0-35% (16%)	0-35% (13%)
						Withdrawal	0-5% (3%)	0-5% (3%)
						Option budget projection	1-4% (2%)	2-4% (2%)
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives – variable annuities	154		155		Discounted cash flow	Mortality	0-100% (2%)	0-100% (2%)
						Lapse	0-25% (4%)	0-25% (4%)
						Withdrawal	0-7% (5%)	0-7% (5%)
						CVA	0-5% (1%)	0-5% (1%)
						Long-term volatility	0-27% (14%)	0-27% (13%)

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Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

Assets and liabilities transferred into Level 3 are due to a lack of observable market transactions and price information. Transfers out of Level 3 are primarily the result of the Company obtaining observable pricing information or a third party pricing quotation that appropriately reflects the fair value of those assets and liabilities.

For further information on the Company’s valuation processes, see Note 6 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report.

The reconciliations for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows (dollars in millions):


For the three months ended June 30, 2021:	Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale												Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives & other		Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives
	Corporate		Foreign govt		Structured securities		U.S. and local govt		Equity securities		Short-term investments
Fair value, beginning of period	$	3,101	$	16	$	388	$	22	$	54	$	11	$	176	$	(857)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	2		—		—		—		—		—		(1)		—
Investment related gains (losses), net	2		—		—		—		10		—		16		(17)

Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(13)

Included in other comprehensive income	49		—		5		—		—		—		—		—
Other revenues	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases(1)	317		25		262		—		—		—		16		(13)
Sales(1)	(19)		—		(2)		—		(1)		—		—		—
Settlements(1)	(269)		—		(24)		(1)		—		(10)		(1)		20
Transfers into Level 3	25		—		24		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		(1)		—		—
Fair value, end of period	$	3,208	$	41	$	653	$	21	$	63	$	—	$	206	$	(880)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized) recorded for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1)	$	—
Investment related gains (losses), net	—		—		—		—		9		—		16		(19)
Other revenues	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(33)
Included in other comprehensive income	51		—		5		—		—		—		—		—

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For the six months ended June 30, 2021:	Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale												Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives & other		Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives
	Corporate		Foreign govt		Structured securities		U.S. and local govt		Equity securities		Short-term investments
Fair value, beginning of period	$	3,029	$	17	$	254	$	23	$	53	$	15	$	114	$	(907)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	3		—		—		—		—		—		(6)		—
Investment related gains (losses), net	1		—		—		—		11		—		66		1

Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1

Included in other comprehensive income	(33)		(1)		4		—		—		—		1		—
Other revenues	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases(1)	540		25		428		—		—		—		32		(17)
Sales(1)	(20)		—		(2)		—		(1)		—		—		—
Settlements(1)	(341)		—		(85)		(2)		—		(10)		(1)		42
Transfers into Level 3	29		—		54		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		(5)		—		—
Fair value, end of period	$	3,208	$	41	$	653	$	21	$	63	$	—	$	206	$	(880)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized) recorded for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(6)	$	—
Investment related gains (losses), net	(1)		—		—		—		10		—		66		(3)
Other revenues	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(41)
Included in other comprehensive income	(31)		(1)		4		—		—		—		1		—


For the three months ended June 30, 2020:	Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale												Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives		Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives
	Corporate		Foreign govt		Structured securities		U.S. and local govt		Equity securities		Short-term investments
Fair value, beginning of period	$	2,197	$	15	$	144	$	25	$	56	$	1	$	(109)	$	(1,042)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Investment related gains (losses), net	(14)		—		—		—		3		—		1		106

Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(7)

Included in other comprehensive income	112		2		17		—		—		—		—		—
Other revenues	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases(1)	79		—		15		—		3		5		—		(8)
Sales(1)	(18)		—		(3)		—		—		—		—		—
Settlements(1)	(44)		—		(18)		(1)		—		(1)		—		21
Transfers into Level 3	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	(4)		—		(2)		—		—		—		—		—
Fair value, end of period	$	2,308	$	17	$	153	$	24	$	62	$	5	$	(108)	$	(930)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized) recorded for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Investment related gains (losses), net	(15)		—		—		—		3		—		1		103
Other revenues	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(27)
Included in other comprehensive income	111		2		16		—		—		—		—		—

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For the six months ended June 30, 2020:	Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale												Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives		Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives
	Corporate		Foreign govt		Structured securities		U.S. and local govt		Equity securities		Short-term investments
Fair value, beginning of period	$	2,186	$	720	$	208	$	25	$	77	$	2	$	121	$	(930)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Investment related gains (losses), net	(25)		—		—		—		(4)		—		(229)		(22)

Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1)

Included in other comprehensive income	(3)		1		(10)		1		—		—		—		—
Other revenues	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Purchases(1)	310		—		24		—		3		5		—		(19)
Sales(1)	(62)		—		(4)		—		—		—		—		—
Settlements(1)	(96)		—		(31)		(2)		—		(1)		—		42
Transfers into Level 3	1		—		21		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3	(4)		(704)		(55)		—		(14)		(1)		—		—
Fair value, end of period	$	2,308	$	17	$	153	$	24	$	62	$	5	$	(108)	$	(930)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized) recorded for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Investment income, net of related expenses	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Investment related gains (losses), net	(26)		—		—		—		(4)		—		(229)		(27)
Other revenues	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(43)
Included in other comprehensive income	(29)		1		(11)		1		—		—		—		—

(1)The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company has certain assets subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial recognition if they are determined to be impaired. During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not have any material assets that were measured at fair value due to impairment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, which were not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions). For additional information regarding the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company to estimate these fair values, see Note 6 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report. This table excludes any payables or receivables for collateral under repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements and other transactions. The estimated fair value of the excluded amount approximates carrying value as they equal the amount of cash collateral received/paid.

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June 30, 2021:	Carrying Value (1)		Estimated Fair Value		Fair Value Measurement Using:
					Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV
Assets:
Mortgage loans on real estate	$	6,481	$	6,744	$	—	$	—	$	6,744	$	—
Policy loans	1,254		1,254		—		1,254		—		—
Funds withheld at interest	6,825		7,169		—		—		7,169		—
Cash and cash equivalents	2,087		2,087		2,087		—		—		—
Short-term investments	18		18		18		—		—		—
Other invested assets	1,133		1,141		6		84		1,051		—
Accrued investment income	525		525		—		525		—		—
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities	$	21,274	$	22,983	$	—	$	—	$	22,983	$	—

Long-term debt	3,173		3,455		—		—		3,455		—
Collateral finance and securitization notes	323		292		—		—		292		—

December 31, 2020:	Carrying Value (1)		Estimated Fair Value		Fair Value Measurement Using:
					Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV
Assets:
Mortgage loans on real estate	$	5,787	$	6,167	$	—	$	—	$	6,167	$	—
Policy loans	1,258		1,258		—		1,258		—		—
Funds withheld at interest	5,292		5,676		—		—		5,676		—
Cash and cash equivalents	1,930		1,930		1,930		—		—		—
Short-term investments	30		30		30		—		—		—
Other invested assets	1,482		1,601		5		89		1,018		489
Accrued investment income	511		511		—		511		—		—
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities	$	18,106	$	19,683	$	—	$	—	$	19,683	$	—
Long-term debt	3,573		3,901		—		—		3,901		—
Collateral finance and securitization notes	388		351		—		—		351		—

(1)Carrying values presented herein may differ from those in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets because certain items within the respective financial statement captions may be measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

7. Segment Information

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report. The Company measures segment performance primarily based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes. There are no intersegment reinsurance transactions and the Company does not have any material long-lived assets.

The Company allocates capital to its segments based on an internally developed economic capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model considers the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in the Company’s businesses. As a result of the economic capital allocation process, a portion of investment income is attributed to the segments based on the level of allocated capital. In addition, the segments are charged for excess capital utilized above the allocated economic capital basis. This charge is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses.

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The Company has geographic-based and business-based operational segments. Geographic-based operations are further segmented into traditional and financial solutions businesses. Information related to revenues, income (loss) before income taxes and total assets of the Company for each reportable segment are summarized below (dollars in millions).


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
Revenues:	2021		2020		2021		2020
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional	$	1,816	$	1,642	$	3,453	$	3,175
Financial Solutions	433		323		751		462
Total	2,249		1,965		4,204		3,637
Canada:
Traditional	366		311		709		607
Financial Solutions	26		22		52		46
Total	392		333		761		653
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional	459		371		916		778
Financial Solutions	139		136		285		214
Total	598		507		1,201		992
Asia Pacific:
Traditional	653		636		1,300		1,303
Financial Solutions	104		75		208		143
Total	757		711		1,508		1,446
Corporate and Other	141		90		582		82
Total	$	4,137	$	3,606	$	8,256	$	6,810


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
Income (loss) before income taxes:	2021		2020		2021		2020
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional	$	135	$	(158)	$	(203)	$	(220)
Financial Solutions	186		117		269		102
Total	321		(41)		66		(118)
Canada:
Traditional	32		44		56		67
Financial Solutions	4		4		10		7
Total	36		48		66		74
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional	(12)		16		(80)		33
Financial Solutions	83		98		143		128
Total	71		114		63		161
Asia Pacific:
Traditional	(12)		47		29		71
Financial Solutions	31		26		59		1
Total	19		73		88		72
Corporate and Other	35		1		385		(90)
Total	$	482	$	195	$	668	$	99

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Assets:	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional	$	20,760	$	20,071
Financial Solutions	29,272		25,433
Total	50,032		45,504
Canada:
Traditional	5,017		4,682
Financial Solutions	8		13
Total	5,025		4,695
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional	5,058		4,763
Financial Solutions	6,419		7,292
Total	11,477		12,055
Asia Pacific:
Traditional	8,664		8,197
Financial Solutions	6,814		4,299
Total	15,478		12,496
Corporate and Other	6,932		9,906
Total	$	88,944	$	84,656

8. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments

Funding of Investments

The Company’s commitments to fund investments as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are presented in the following table (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Limited partnership interests and joint ventures	$	867	$	678
Mortgage loans on real estate	175		199
Bank loans and private placements	541		194
Lifetime mortgages	46		43

The Company anticipates that the majority of its current commitments will be invested over the next five years; however, these commitments could become due any time at the request of the counterparties. Bank loans and private placements are included in fixed maturity securities available-for-sale.

The Company has a liability for expected credit losses associated with unfunded commitments of approximately $1 million and $2 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, which is included in other liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is subject to litigation in the normal course of its business. The Company currently has no material litigation. A legal reserve is established when the Company is notified of an arbitration demand or litigation or is notified that an arbitration demand or litigation is imminent, it is probable that the Company will incur a loss as a result and the amount of the probable loss is reasonably capable of being estimated.

Other Contingencies

The Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided in its charters and by-laws. Since this indemnity generally is not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under this indemnity in the future.

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Guarantees

Statutory Reserve Support

Certain RGA subsidiaries have committed to provide statutory reserve support to third parties, in exchange for a fee, by funding loans if certain defined events occur. Such statutory reserves are required under the U.S. Valuation of Life Policies Model Regulation (commonly referred to as Regulation XXX for term life insurance policies and Regulation A-XXX for universal life secondary guarantees). In addition, certain subsidiaries have also committed to provide capital support to a third-party, in exchange for a fee, by agreeing to assume real estate leases in the event of a severe and prolonged decline in the commercial lease market. Upon assumption of a lease, the Company would recognize a right to use asset and lease obligation. As of June 30, 2021, the Company does not believe that it will be required to provide any funding under these commitments as the occurrence of the defined events is considered remote. The following table presents the maximum potential obligation for these commitments as of June 30, 2021 (dollars in millions):


Commitment Period:	Maximum Potential Obligation
2034	$	1,243
2035	2,444
2036	3,599
2037	2,850
2038	2,300
2039	11,350
2046	3,000

Other Guarantees

RGA has issued guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries for the payment of amounts due under certain securities borrowing and repurchase arrangements, financing arrangements and office lease obligations, whereby, if a subsidiary fails to meet an obligation, RGA or one of its other subsidiaries will make a payment to fulfill the obligation. Additionally, in limited circumstances, treaty guarantees are granted to ceding companies in order to provide them additional security, particularly in cases where RGA’s subsidiary is relatively new, unrated, or not of a significant size, relative to the ceding company. Liabilities supported by the treaty guarantees, before consideration of any legally offsetting amounts due from the guaranteed party are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets in future policy benefits. Potential guaranteed amounts of future payments will vary depending on production levels and underwriting results. Guarantees related to securities borrowing and repurchase arrangements provide additional security to third parties should a subsidiary fail to provide securities when due. RGA’s guarantees issued as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are reflected in the following table (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Treaty guarantees	$	2,104	$	1,934
Treaty guarantees, net of assets in trust	1,133		961
Securities borrowing and repurchase arrangements	136		133

9. Income Tax

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the effective tax rate on pre-tax income was 28.5% and 27.6%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to income earned in jurisdictions with tax rates higher than the U.S., state income taxes, and the effect of the enacted UK corporate tax rate increase on the remeasurement of deferred taxes.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the effective tax rate on pre-tax income was 18.9% and 28.6%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for both tax periods differed from the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 21% primarily as a result of benefits from differences in bases in foreign jurisdictions, increases to the valuation allowance, return to provision adjustments and accruals related to uncertain tax positions.

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10. Employee Benefit Plans

The components of net periodic benefit cost, included in other operating expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (dollars in millions):


	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	Three months ended June 30,				Three months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service cost	$	5	$	4	$	1	$	1
Interest cost	1		1		1		1
Expected return on plan assets	(3)		(3)		—		—
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	—		—		(1)		(1)
Amortization of prior actuarial losses	2		1		1		1
Net periodic benefit cost	$	5	$	3	$	2	$	2


	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	Six months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service cost	$	9	$	7	$	2	$	1
Interest cost	2		3		1		2
Expected return on plan assets	(5)		(5)		—		—
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	—		—		(1)		(1)
Amortization of prior actuarial losses	3		2		1		1
Net periodic benefit cost	$	9	$	7	$	3	$	3

11. Reinsurance

Retrocession reinsurance treaties do not relieve the Company from its obligations to direct writing companies. Failure of retrocessionaires to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. Consequently, allowances would be established for amounts deemed uncollectible. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, no allowances were deemed necessary. The Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of the insurance companies from which it assumes and to which it cedes reinsurance.

Retrocessions are arranged through the Company’s retrocession pools for amounts in excess of the Company’s retention limit. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all rated retrocession pool participants followed by the A.M. Best Company were rated “A- (excellent)” or better. The Company verifies retrocession pool participants’ ratings on a quarterly basis. For a majority of the retrocessionaires that were not rated, security in the form of letters of credit or trust assets has been posted. In addition, the Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance.

The following table presents information for the Company’s reinsurance ceded receivable assets, including the respective amount and A.M. Best rating for each reinsurer representing in excess of five percent of the total as of June 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


		June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
Reinsurer	A.M. Best Rating	Amount		% of Total		Amount		% of Total
Reinsurer A	A+	$	476	43.5	%	$	420	42.7	%
Reinsurer B	A+	225		20.6		216		22.0
Reinsurer C	A	67		6.1		64		6.5
Reinsurer D	A++	66		6.0		55		5.6
Reinsurer E	A+	50		4.6		46		4.7
Other reinsurers		209		19.2		182		18.5
Total		$	1,093	100.0	%	$	983	100.0	%

Included in the total reinsurance ceded receivables balance were $254 million and $278 million of claims recoverable, of which $15 million and $10 million were in excess of 90 days past due, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

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12. Policy Claims and Benefits

Rollforward of Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The liability for unpaid claims is reported in future policy benefits and other policy claims and benefits on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Activity associated with unpaid claims is summarized below (dollars in millions):


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020
Balance, beginning of period	$	7,556	$	6,786
Less: reinsurance recoverable	(641)		(564)
Net balance, beginning of period	6,915		6,222
Incurred:
Current year	7,631		5,740
Prior years	(122)		59
Total incurred	7,509		5,799
Payments:
Current year	(2,747)		(1,332)
Prior years	(4,358)		(3,903)
Total payments	(7,105)		(5,235)
Other changes:
Interest accretion	20		18
Foreign exchange adjustments	(38)		(142)
Total other changes	(18)		(124)

Net balance, end of period	7,302		6,662
Plus: reinsurance recoverable	674		633
Balance, end of period	$	7,976	$	7,295

Incurred claims associated with prior periods are primarily due to events, related to long-duration business, which were incurred in prior periods but were reported in the current period, and to a lesser extent, the development of short-duration business claims for prior years being different than were anticipated when the liabilities for unpaid claims were originally estimated. These trends have been considered in establishing the current year liability for unpaid claims.

13. Financing Activities

On June 9, 2020, RGA issued 3.15% Senior Notes due June 15, 2030, with a face amount of $600 million. This security has been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The net proceeds were approximately $593 million and were used in part to repay the Company’s $400 million 5.000% Senior Notes that matured in June 2021, and the remainder was used for general corporate purposes. Capitalized issue costs were approximately $5 million.

14. New Accounting Standards

Changes to the general accounting principles are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™. Accounting standards updates not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements
Standards adopted:
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses This guidance adds to U.S. GAAP an impairment model, known as current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. For traditional and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments entities will be required to use the new forward-looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in earlier recognition of allowance for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses similar to what they do today, except the losses will be recognized through an allowance for credit losses and adjusted each period for changes in credit risks. Early adoption is permitted.	January 1, 2020	For asset classes within the scope of the CECL model, this guidance was adopted through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings (that is, a modified-retrospective approach). For available-for-sale debt securities, this guidance was applied prospectively. The allowance for credit losses increased when this guidance was adopted to include expected losses over the lifetime of commercial mortgages and other loans, including reasonable and supportable forecasts and expected changes in future economic conditions. The overall impact was an approximate $15 million pre-tax increase in the allowance for credit losses. This increase was reflected as a decrease to opening retained earnings, net of income taxes, as of January 1, 2020.
Fair Value Measurement This guidance is part of the FASB’s disclosure framework project and eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurement, requires entities to disclose new information and modifies existing disclosure requirements. Early adoption is permitted.	January 1, 2020	Certain disclosure changes in the new guidance were applied prospectively in the year of adoption. The remaining changes in the new guidance were applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the year of adoption. As of December 31, 2019, the Company early adopted the guidance that removed the requirements relating to transfers between fair value hierarchy levels and certain disclosures about valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The Company adopted the remainder of the guidance on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the new guidance was not material to the Company’s financial position.
Reference Rate Reform This guidance eases the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, reference rate reform on financial reporting. which includes the transition away from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP modification to contracts and hedge accounting relationships affected by reference rate reform on financial reporting. Under the new guidance, a change in the reference rate for a contract that meets certain criteria will be accounted for as a continuation of that contract rather than the creation of a new contract. The new guidance applies to debt, insurance contracts, leases, derivative contracts and other arrangements.	January 1, 2020	The reference rate reform is not expected to have material accounting consequences. The Company has established a team that is currently assessing the effects of the discontinuation of LIBOR on existing contracts that extend beyond 2021 (that is, the date when the Financial Conduct Authority intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR), by analyzing contractual fallback provisions, evaluating alternative rate ramifications and assessing the effects on current hedging strategies, systems and operations.

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Description	Anticipated Date of Adoption	Effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements
Standards not yet adopted:
Financial Services – Insurance This guidance significantly changes how insurers account for long-duration insurance contracts. The new guidance also significantly expands the disclosure requirements of long-duration insurance contracts. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2023. Below are the most significant areas of change:	January 1, 2023	See each significant area of change below for the method of adoption and expected impact to the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
Cash flow assumptions for measuring liability for future policy benefits The new guidance requires insurers to review, and if necessary, update the cash flow assumptions used to measure liabilities for future policy benefits periodically. The change in the liability estimate as a result of updating cash flow assumptions will be recognized in net income.		Cash flow assumptions for measuring liability for future policy benefits The Company will likely adopt this guidance on a modified retrospective basis as of the earliest period presented in the year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its results of operations and financial position but anticipates the updated guidance will likely have a material impact.
Discount rate assumption for measuring liability for future policy benefits The new guidance requires insurers to update the discount rate assumption used to measure liabilities for future policy benefits at each reporting period, and the discount rate utilized must be based on an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield. The change in the liability estimate as a result of updating the discount rate assumption will be recognized in other comprehensive income.		Discount rate assumption for measuring liability for future policy benefits The Company will likely adopt this guidance on a modified retrospective basis as of the earliest period presented in the year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its results of operations and financial position but anticipates the updated guidance will likely have a material impact.
Market risk benefits The new guidance created a new category of benefit features called market risk benefits that will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value attributable to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk recognized in other comprehensive income.		Market risk benefits The Company will adopt this guidance on a retrospective basis as of the earliest period presented in the year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its results of operations and financial position but anticipates the updated guidance will likely have a material impact.
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and other balances The new guidance requires DAC and other balances to be amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts.		Amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and other balances The Company will likely adopt this guidance on a modified retrospective basis as of the earliest period presented in the year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its results of operations and financial position but anticipates the updated guidance will likely have a material impact.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 including, among others, statements relating to projections of the future operations, strategies, earnings, revenues, income or loss, ratios, financial performance and growth potential of the Company. Forward-looking statements often contain words and phrases such as “intend,” “expect,” “project,” “estimate,” “predict,” “anticipate,” “should,” “believe” and other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Company. Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Future events and actual results, performance, and achievements could differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by or underlying the forward-looking statements.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the response thereto on economic conditions, the financial markets and insurance risks, and the resulting effects on the Company’s financial results, liquidity, capital resources, financial metrics, investment portfolio and stock price, could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Additionally, numerous other important factors (whether related to, resulting from or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise) could also cause results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements, including, without limitation: (1) adverse changes in mortality, morbidity, lapsation or claims experience, (2) inadequate risk analysis and underwriting, (3) adverse capital and credit market conditions and their impact on the Company’s liquidity, access to capital and cost of capital, (4) changes in the Company’s financial strength and credit ratings and the effect of such changes on the Company’s future results of operations and financial condition, (5) the availability and cost of collateral necessary for regulatory reserves and capital, (6) requirements to post collateral or make payments due to declines in market value of assets subject to the Company’s collateral arrangements, (7) action by regulators who have authority over the Company’s reinsurance operations in the jurisdictions in which it operates, (8) the effect of the Company parent’s status as an insurance holding company and regulatory restrictions on its ability to pay principal of and interest on its debt obligations, (9) general economic conditions or a prolonged economic downturn affecting the demand for insurance and reinsurance in the Company’s current and planned markets, (10) the impairment of other financial institutions and its effect on the Company’s business, (11) fluctuations in U.S. or foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, or securities and real estate markets, (12) market or economic conditions that adversely affect the value of the Company’s investment securities or result in the impairment of all or a portion of the value of certain of the Company’s investment securities, that in turn could affect regulatory capital, (13) market or economic conditions that adversely affect the Company’s ability to make timely sales of investment securities, (14) risks inherent in the Company’s risk management and investment strategy, including changes in investment portfolio yields due to interest rate or credit quality changes, (15) the fact that the determination of allowances and impairments taken on the Company’s investments is highly subjective, (16) the stability of and actions by governments and economies in the markets in which the Company operates, including ongoing uncertainties regarding the amount of U.S. sovereign debt and the credit ratings thereof, (17) the Company’s dependence on third parties, including those insurance companies and reinsurers to which the Company cedes some reinsurance, third-party investment managers and others, (18) financial performance of the Company’s clients, (19) the threat of natural disasters, catastrophes, terrorist attacks, epidemics or pandemics anywhere in the world where the Company or its clients do business, (20) competitive factors and competitors’ responses to the Company’s initiatives, (21) development and introduction of new products and distribution opportunities, (22) execution of the Company’s entry into new markets, (23) integration of acquired blocks of business and entities, (24) interruption or failure of the Company’s telecommunication, information technology or other operational systems, or the Company’s failure to maintain adequate security to protect the confidentiality or privacy of personal or sensitive data stored on such systems, (25) adverse litigation or arbitration results, (26) the adequacy of reserves, resources and accurate information relating to settlements, awards and terminated and discontinued lines of business, (27) changes in laws, regulations, and accounting standards applicable to the Company or its business, (28) the effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 may be different than expected and (29) other risks and uncertainties described in this document and in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Forward-looking statements should be evaluated together with the many risks and uncertainties that affect the Company’s business, including those mentioned in this document and described in the periodic reports the Company files with the SEC. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even though the Company’s situation may change in the future. For a discussion of these risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements, you are advised to see Item 1A – “Risk Factors” in the 2020 Annual Report, as may be supplemented by Item 1A – “Risk Factors” in the Company’s subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

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Overview

The Company is among the leading global providers of life reinsurance and financial solutions, with $3.5 trillion of life reinsurance in force and assets of $88.9 billion as of June 30, 2021. Traditional reinsurance includes individual and group life and health, disability, and critical illness reinsurance. Financial solutions includes longevity reinsurance, asset-intensive reinsurance, capital solutions, including financial reinsurance, and stable value products. The Company derives revenues primarily from renewal premiums from existing reinsurance treaties, new business premiums from existing or new reinsurance treaties, fee income from financial solutions business and income earned on invested assets.

Historically, the Company’s primary business has been traditional life reinsurance, which involves reinsuring life insurance policies that are often in force for the remaining lifetime of the underlying individuals insured, with premiums earned typically over a period of 10 to 30 years. To a lesser extent, the Company also reinsures health business typically reinsured for one to three years. Each year, however, a portion of the business under existing treaties terminates due to, among other things, lapses or voluntary surrenders of underlying policies, deaths of insureds, and the exercise of recapture options by ceding companies. The Company has expanded its financial solutions business, including significant asset-intensive and longevity risk transactions, which allow its clients to take advantage of growth opportunities and manage their capital, longevity and investment risk.

The Company’s long-term profitability largely depends on the volume and amount of death- and health-related claims incurred and the ability to adequately price the risks it assumes. While death claims are reasonably predictable over a period of many years, claims become less predictable over shorter periods and are subject to significant fluctuation from quarter to quarter and year to year. For longevity business, the Company’s profitability depends on the lifespan of the underlying contract holders and the investment performance for certain contracts. Additionally, the Company generates profits on investment spreads associated with the reinsurance of investment type contracts and generates fees from financial reinsurance transactions, which are typically shorter duration than its traditional life reinsurance business. The Company believes its sources of liquidity are sufficient to cover potential claims payments on both a short-term and long-term basis.

As is customary in the reinsurance business, clients continually update, refine, and revise reinsurance information provided to the Company. Such revised information is used by the Company in preparation of its condensed consolidated financial statements and the financial effects resulting from the incorporation of revised data are reflected in the current period.

Segment Presentation

The Company has geographic-based and business-based operational segments. Geographic-based operations are further segmented into traditional and financial solutions businesses. The Company allocates capital to its segments based on an internally developed economic capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a consistent basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model considers the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in RGA’s businesses.

As a result of the economic capital allocation process, a portion of investment income is credited to the segments based on the level of allocated capital. In addition, the segments are charged for excess capital utilized above the allocated economic capital basis. This charge is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses. Segment investment performance varies with the composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the operating segments.

Segment revenue levels can be significantly influenced by currency fluctuations, large transactions, mix of business and reporting practices of ceding companies, and therefore may fluctuate from period to period. Although reasonably predictable over a period of years, segment claims experience can be volatile over shorter periods. See “Results of Operations by Segment” below for further information about the Company’s segments.

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Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the application of accounting policies that often involve a significant degree of judgment. Management, on an ongoing basis, reviews estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of financial statements. If management determines that modifications in assumptions and estimates are appropriate given current facts and circumstances, results of operations and financial position as reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements could change significantly.

Management believes the critical accounting policies relating to the following areas are most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions:

Premiums receivable;

Deferred acquisition costs;

Liabilities for future policy benefits and incurred but not reported claims;

Valuation of investments, allowance for credit losses and impairments to specific investments;

Valuation of embedded derivatives; and

Income taxes.

A discussion of each of the critical accounting policies may be found in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies.”

Consolidated Results of Operations

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 global pandemic continues to cause increases in the Company’s claims costs, primarily relating to its mortality business. However, the Company cannot reliably predict the future impact of the pandemic on its business, results of operations and financial condition as the impact will largely depend on, among other factors, the impact of new variants of the virus, successful rollout of the vaccination programs globally, country-specific circumstances, measures by public and private institutions, and COVID-19’s impact on all other causes of death. In addition, the Company’s clients’ ability to write new business in this environment may result in a slowdown in new business temporarily; however, much of the Company’s premiums and other revenues are contractually recurring for many years to come.

The ultimate amount and timing of claims the Company will experience as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic will be dependent on many variables and uncertainties. These variables and uncertainties include those discussed above, in addition to age, gender, comorbidities, other insured versus general population characteristics, geography-specific institutional and individual mitigating actions, medical capacity, and other factors. To date, general population COVID-19 deaths have been heavily concentrated in individuals aged 70 and older and with pre-existing comorbidities. The Company’s insured population has lower exposure to older ages than the general population and covers a generally healthier population due to underwriting and socioeconomic factors of those purchasing insurance. In addition, the Company’s longevity business may act as a modest offset to excess life insurance claims.

The Company’s COVID-19 projection and financial impact models continue to be updated and refined based on updated external data and the Company’s claim experience to date and are subject to the many variables and uncertainties noted above. The U.S. is the key driver of mortality claim costs followed by the UK, India, South Africa and Canada. For the six month period ended June 30, 2021, the Company estimates it has incurred approximately $595 million of COVID-19 related life and health claim costs, including amounts incurred but not reported, with approximately $352 million of that amount being associated with the U.S. and Latin America Traditional segment. The Company has updated the range of COVID-19 mortality claim cost estimates relative to the level of general population deaths. The U.S. range was lowered reflecting developing data and go forward expectations. The ranges for the UK and Canada were widened, reflective of our experience as well as the expectation that a lower number of COVID-19 general population deaths will result in more variability in the relationship to claims costs. The Company estimates that every additional 10,000 population deaths in the U.S., UK, or Canada as a result of COVID-19 would result in the following corresponding excess mortality claims of approximately:

•$10 million to $20 million in the U.S.;

•$4 million to $8 million in the UK; and

•$10 million to $20 million in Canada.

While the global financial markets have stabilized since the beginning of the pandemic, they continue to be in a state of uncertainty due to COVID-19 mandated economic shutdowns and historically large and rapid central bank and fiscal policies meant to offset the economic impact of the pandemic. The economic weakness and uncertainty caused by these events may also adversely affect the Company’s financial performance. All investments held by the Company, directly or in a funds withheld at

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interest reinsurance arrangement are monitored for conformance with the Company’s stated investment policy limits as well as any limits prescribed by the applicable jurisdiction’s insurance laws and regulations. The current market environment may result in certain investments being downgraded which can affect conformance with these limits. The level of potential impairments will depend on broad economic conditions and the pace at which global economies recover from the effects of COVID-19 and the response thereto. See “Investments” for more information.

The safety and well-being of the Company’s employees and clients continues to be a priority. The Company’s business continuity plans remain activated and the actions taken during 2020 to protect both employees and clients, such as working from home, restricting travel, conducting meetings remotely, and reinforcing the importance of face coverings, good hygiene and social distancing, also continue. The Company’s offices worldwide are at a minimum adhering to local government mandates and guidelines regarding occupancy levels; however, in certain situations the Company’s guidelines are more restrictive than those of local governments.

The Company has not experienced any significant disruptions to its daily operations, despite most of its workforce working remotely. However, COVID-19 heightened operational risks and related impacts, which may include a reduction in new business volumes from slower sales, impacts to the Company’s workforce productivity due to travel restrictions, temporary office closures and increased remote working situations, and potential client delays in paying premiums and reporting claims. Similar to other reinsurers, the Company is heavily reliant on timely reporting from its clients and other third parties. The Company continues to emphasize awareness and training regarding operational risks, including privacy and cybersecurity risks, as such risks are heightened during remote working situations. In addition, the Company continues to monitor its programs, processes and procedures designed to manage these risks.

RGA’s operating subsidiaries continue to be well capitalized, and the Company continues to monitor its solvency position under multiple capital regimes on a regular basis while considering both its developing experience and economic conditions. In addition, the Company utilizes its internal capital model to assess its ability to meet its long-term obligations under a range of stress scenarios on a consolidated basis. This internal capital model is also used as the capital basis for RGA’s consolidated Own Risk and Solvency Assessment.

Results from Operations – 2021 compared to 2020

The following table summarizes net income for the periods presented.


	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Revenues:	(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net premiums	$	3,098	$	2,790	$	308	$	6,012	$	5,609	$	403
Investment income, net of related expenses	759		645		114		1,571		1,239		332




Investment related gains (losses), net	112		81		31		414		(204)		618
Other revenues	168		90		78		259		166		93
Total revenues	4,137		3,606		531		8,256		6,810		1,446
Benefits and Expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	2,813		2,700		113		6,005		5,364		641
Interest credited	218		187		31		364		333		31
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	339		290		49		672		538		134
Other operating expenses	240		188		52		454		383		71
Interest expense	43		42		1		88		83		5
Collateral finance and securitization expense	2		4		(2)		5		10		(5)
Total benefits and expenses	3,655		3,411		244		7,588		6,711		877
Income before income taxes	482		195		287		668		99		569
Provision for income taxes	138		37		101		185		29		156
Net income	$	344	$	158	$	186	$	483	$	70	$	413
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	5.06	$	2.49	$	2.57	$	7.11	$	1.12	$	5.99
Diluted earnings per share	$	5.02	$	2.48	$	2.54	$	7.06	$	1.11	$	5.95

Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to three months ended June 30, 2020

The increase in income for the three months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily the result of:

•An increase in investment income and investment related gains (losses), net primarily due to an increase in variable investment income.

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•An increase in income before taxes generated by the Company’s Financial Solutions business in the U.S. and UK.

•Improved mortality experience in the U.S. and Latin America Traditional segment.

•The increase in income before taxes was partially offset by unfavorable mortality claims in the EMEA, Canada and Asia Pacific segments.

Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to six months ended June 30, 2020

The increase in income for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily the result of:

•A one-time adjustment of $162 million, pretax, associated with prior periods that includes $92 million, pretax, to correct the accounting for equity method limited partnerships to reflect unrealized gains in investment income, net of related expenses that were previously included in accumulated other comprehensive income, and a $70 million, pretax, correction reflected in other investment related gains (losses), net to adjust the carrying value of certain limited partnerships from cost less impairments to a fair value approach, using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share or its equivalent.

•$177 million, pretax, of capital gains included in other investment related gains (losses), net associated with portfolio repositioning.

•Changes in fair value of embedded derivatives, associated with modco/funds withheld treaties, increased investment related gains by $66 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2021, compared to a decrease of $229 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2020.

•The increases in investment income and investment related gains (losses), net were partially offset by unfavorable claims, primarily in the EMEA and U.S. and Latin America segments.

•As discussed in the “Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic” above, the Company estimates it has incurred approximately $595 million, pretax, of COVID-19 related life and health claim costs, including amounts incurred but not reported, with approximately $352 million, pretax, in the U.S. and Latin America segment.

Foreign currency fluctuations can result in variances in financial statement line items. Foreign currency increased income before taxes for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, by $14 million and $18 million, respectively, primarily due to the strengthening of the Great British Pound and Canadian Dollar compared to the U.S. Dollar.

Premiums and business growth

The increase in premiums during the three and six month period ended June 30, 2021, is primarily due to growth in life reinsurance in force. Consolidated assumed life insurance in force increased to $3,471.7 billion as of June 30, 2021, from $3,457.8 billion as of June 30, 2020, due to new business production and in force transactions offset by an increase in lapses and mortality claims in the current period, primarily attributable to the increased claims as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The Company added new business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $220.9 billion, and $210.9 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Investment income, net of related expenses and investment related gains (losses), net

The increase in investment income, net of related expenses is primarily attributable to the aforementioned accounting correction associated with equity method limited partnerships recorded in the first quarter of 2021, in addition to an increase in the average invested asset base and yield:

•The average invested assets at amortized cost, excluding spread business, totaled $33.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $30.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

•The average yield earned on investments, excluding spread related business, was 4.64% and 4.07% for the three month period ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 5.15% and 4.07% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

A continued low interest rate environment, in addition to higher cash and cash equivalents balances held by the Company during the COVID-19 pandemic, is expected to put downward pressure on this yield in future reporting periods. The average yield will vary from year to year depending on several variables, including the prevailing risk-fee interest rate and credit spread environment, prepayment fees and make-whole premiums, changes in the mix of the underlying investments and cash and cash equivalents balances. Variable investment income from joint ventures and limited partnerships, including unrealized gains and losses on certain limited partnerships, will also vary from year to year and can be highly variable based on equity-market performance and the timing of dividends and distributions on certain investments. Investment income is allocated to the operating segments based upon average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate to support segment operations.

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The increase in investment related gains (losses), net is primarily attributable to the following:

•During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company repositioned its portfolio generating capital gains of $23 million and $177 million, respectively.

•There were no material impairments or changes in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities during the three months ended June 30, 2021 or June 30, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized a reduction of $3 million of impairments and change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities compared to an increase of $34 million during the first six months of 2020.

•Changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives, associated with modco/funds withheld treaties, increased investment related gains (losses), net by $16 million and $66 million for the three and six month period ended June 30, 2021, respectively, compared to an increase (decrease) of $1 million and $(229) million for the three and six month period ended June 30, 2020.

•Unrealized gains of $48 million and $155 million, including the previously mentioned correction recorded in the first quarter of 2021 of $70 million due to the change in fair value of certain cost method limited partnerships were recognized during the three and six month periods ended June 30, of 2021.

The effective tax rate on a consolidated basis was 28.5% and 18.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 27.6% and 28.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. See Note 9 – “Income Tax” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s consolidated effective tax rates.

Impact of certain derivatives

The Company recognizes in consolidated income, any changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives on modco or funds withheld treaties, equity index annuities (“EIAs”) and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. The Company utilizes freestanding derivatives to minimize the income statement volatility due to changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives associated with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. The following table presents the effect of embedded derivatives and related freestanding derivatives on income before income taxes for the periods indicated (dollars in millions):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Modco/Funds withheld:
Unrealized gains (losses)	$	16	$	1	$	15	$	66	$	(229)	$	295
Deferred acquisition costs/retrocession	(7)		2		(9)		(23)		115		(138)
Net effect	9		3		6		43		(114)		157
EIAs:
Unrealized gains (losses)	3		(7)		10		33		(19)		52
Deferred acquisition costs/retrocession	(1)		2		(3)		(17)		10		(27)
Net effect	2		(5)		7		16		(9)		25
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders:
Unrealized gains (losses)	(16)		107		(123)		1		(21)		22
Related freestanding derivatives, net of deferred acquisition costs/retrocession	20		(70)		90		(33)		94		(127)
Net effect	4		37		(33)		(32)		73		(105)
Total net effect after freestanding derivatives	$	15	$	35	$	(20)	$	27	$	(50)	$	77

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Results of Operations by Segment

U.S. and Latin America Operations

The U.S. and Latin America operations include business generated by the Company’s offices in the U.S., Mexico and Brazil. The offices in Mexico and Brazil provide services to clients in other Latin American countries. The U.S. and Latin America operations consist of two major segments: Traditional and Financial Solutions. The Traditional segment primarily specializes in the reinsurance of individual mortality risk, health and long-term care and to a lesser extent, group reinsurance. The Financial Solutions segment consists of Asset-Intensive and Capital Solutions. Asset-Intensive within the Financial Solutions segment includes coinsurance of annuities and corporate-owned life insurance policies and to a lesser extent, fee-based synthetic guaranteed investment contracts, which include investment-only, stable value contracts. Capital Solutions within the Financial Solutions segment primarily involves assisting ceding companies in meeting applicable regulatory requirements by enhancing the ceding companies’ financial strength and regulatory surplus position through relatively low risk reinsurance and other transactions. Typically, these transactions do not qualify as reinsurance under GAAP, due to the low-risk nature of the transactions, therefore only the related net fees are reflected in other revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

The following table summarizes income before income taxes for the Company’s U.S. and Latin America operations for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	1,593	$	1,469	$	124	$	3,025	$	2,854	$	171
Investment income, net of related expenses	509		420		89		974		815		159
Investment related gains (losses), net	31		22		9		31		(145)		176
Other revenues	116		54		62		174		113		61
Total revenues	2,249		1,965		284		4,204		3,637		567
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	1,439		1,607		(168)		3,239		3,027		212
Interest credited	200		157		43		331		305		26
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	238		204		34		469		341		128
Other operating expenses	51		38		13		99		82		17
Total benefits and expenses	1,928		2,006		(78)		4,138		3,755		383
Income before income taxes	$	321	$	(41)	$	362	$	66	$	(118)	$	184

The increase in income before income taxes in the second quarter of 2021 was the result of a nine percent decrease in claims and other policy benefits in the U.S. Traditional segment, strong performance from Financial Solutions related to both experience gains, an increase in transaction and other fees, as well as higher variable investment income from real estate joint ventures and unrealized gains from investments in limited partnerships. The increase in income before income taxes for the first six months of 2021 is also attributable to the impact of embedded derivatives in U.S. Financial Solutions. Partially offsetting the six month increase were realized capital losses compared to realized capital gains in 2020 and significantly higher claims in U.S. Mortality Markets. The significant increase in claims in the U.S. Mortality Markets during the first six months compared to the same period in 2020 was primarily related to an increase in large and non-large claim frequency within the individual mortality business in the first three months of 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020. While the cause of death is not yet available for all claims, the Company believes the excess claim costs are primarily attributable to COVID-19.

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Traditional Reinsurance


	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021			2020			2021 vs 2020		2021			2020			2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	1,578		$	1,454		$	124	$	2,997		$	2,827		$	170
Investment income, net of related expenses	233			177			56		440			338			102
Investment related gains (losses), net	1			7			(6)		7			—			7
Other revenues	4			4			—		9			10			(1)
Total revenues	1,816			1,642			174		3,453			3,175			278
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	1,418			1,558			(140)		3,158			2,925			233
Interest credited	18			18			—		35			37			(2)
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	206			195			11		388			370			18
Other operating expenses	39			29			10		75			63			12
Total benefits and expenses	1,681			1,800			(119)		3,656			3,395			261
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	135		$	(158)		$	293	$	(203)		$	(220)		$	17
Key metrics:
Life insurance in force									$1,619.4 billion			$1,620.5 billion
Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”)	89.9		%	107.2		%			105.4		%	103.5		%
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums	13.1		%	13.4		%			12.9		%	13.1		%
Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums	2.5		%	2.0		%			2.5		%	2.2		%

The increase in income before income taxes in the second quarter for the U.S. and Latin America Traditional segment was primarily the result of a nine percent decrease in claims in the U.S. Mortality Market primarily due to lower claims attributable to COVID-19 or COVID-19 related factors and an increase in investment income. The decrease in the loss before income taxes for six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared the same period in 2020 is primarily attributable an increase in investment income partially offset by an increase in claims attributable to COVID-19 or COVID-19 related factors.

Revenues

•The increase in net premiums for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to organic growth as well as new sales. The segment added new life business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $35.7 billion and $25.3 billion during the second quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $64.2 and $59.3 billion during the first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively. Also contributing to the premium growth was the restructure and extension of an existing transaction and the partial recapture of a retroceded block of individual life business.

•The increase in net investment income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to higher variable investment income associated with investments in limited partnerships and private equity funds primarily generated from unrealized gains in the underlying investments and higher variable investment income from real estate joint ventures.

Benefits and expenses

•The decrease in the loss ratio for the three months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020, was primarily due to favorable claims experience in the individual mortality line of business, attributed primarily to fewer claims from COVID-19 or COVID-19 related factors than in 2020. The increase in the loss ratio for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020, was primarily due to unfavorable large and non-large claims experience in the individual mortality line of business, attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. As explained above, while the cause of death is not yet available for all claims, the Company estimates that approximately $352 million of excess claims for the six months ended June 30, 2021, were attributable to COVID-19.

•The increase in other operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to an increase in incentive compensation expense.

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Financial Solutions


For the three months ended June 30,	2021						2020						2021 vs 2020
	Asset-Intensive		Capital Solutions		Total		Asset-Intensive		Capital Solutions		Total		Asset-Intensive		Capital Solutions		Total
(dollars in millions)
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	15	$	—	$	15	$	15	$	—	$	15	$	—	$	—	$	—
Investment income, net of related expenses	276		—		276		241		2		243		35		(2)		33
Investment related gains (losses), net	30		—		30		15		—		15		15		—		15
Other revenues	85		27		112		24		26		50		61		1		62
Total revenues	406		27		433		295		28		323		111		(1)		110
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	21		—		21		49		—		49		(28)		—		(28)
Interest credited	182		—		182		139		—		139		43		—		43
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	32		—		32		7		2		9		25		(2)		23
Other operating expenses	8		4		12		7		2		9		1		2		3
Total benefits and expenses	243		4		247		202		4		206		41		—		41
Income before income taxes	$	163	$	23	$	186	$	93	$	24	$	117	$	70	$	(1)	$	69


For the six months ended June 30,	2021						2020						2021 vs 2020
	Asset-Intensive		Capital Solutions		Total		Asset-Intensive		Capital Solutions		Total		Asset-Intensive		Capital Solutions		Total
(dollars in millions)
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	28	$	—	$	28	$	27	$	—	$	27	$	1	$	—	$	1
Investment income, net of related expenses	533		1		534		474		3		477		59		(2)		57
Investment related gains (losses), net	24		—		24		(145)		—		(145)		169		—		169
Other revenues	111		54		165		52		51		103		59		3		62
Total revenues	696		55		751		408		54		462		288		1		289
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	81		—		81		102		—		102		(21)		—		(21)
Interest credited	296		—		296		268		—		268		28		—		28
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	79		2		81		(31)		2		(29)		110		—		110
Other operating expenses	17		7		24		14		5		19		3		2		5
Total benefits and expenses	473		9		482		353		7		360		120		2		122
Income before income taxes	$	223	$	46	$	269	$	55	$	47	$	102	$	168	$	(1)	$	167

Asset-Intensive Reinsurance

The increase before income taxes for U.S. and Latin America Financial Solutions’ Asset-intensive segment for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was primarily due to an increase in transaction and other fees, favorable policyholder experience including impacts from COVID-19 and higher investment related gains (losses), net in coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios. The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was also due to the net increase in fair value of the embedded derivatives.

The invested asset base supporting this segment increased to $26.7 billion as of June 30, 2021, from $23.5 billion as of June 30, 2020.

•The increase in the asset base was primarily due to growth from new transactions.

•As of June 30, 2021 and 2020, $4.8 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively, of the invested assets were funds withheld at interest, of which greater than 90% was associated with two clients.

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Impact of certain derivatives

Income from the asset-intensive business tends to be volatile due to changes in the fair value of certain derivatives, including embedded derivatives associated with reinsurance treaties structured on a modco or funds withheld basis, as well as embedded derivatives associated with the Company’s reinsurance of equity-indexed annuities and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. Fluctuations occur period to period primarily due to changing investment conditions including, but not limited to, interest rate movements (including risk-free rates and credit spreads), implied volatility, the Company’s own credit risk and equity market performance, all of which are factors in the calculations of fair value. Therefore, management believes it is helpful to distinguish between the effects of changes in these derivatives, net of related hedging activity, and the primary factors that drive profitability of the underlying treaties, namely investment income, fee income (included in other revenues), and interest credited. These fluctuations are considered unrealized by management and do not affect current cash flows, crediting rates or spread performance on the underlying treaties.

The following table summarizes the asset-intensive results and quantifies the impact of these embedded derivatives for the periods presented. Revenues before certain derivatives, benefits and expenses before certain derivatives, and income before income taxes and certain derivatives, should not be viewed as substitutes for GAAP revenues, GAAP benefits and expenses, and GAAP income before income taxes.


(dollars in millions)	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues:
Total revenues	$	406	$	295	$	696	$	408
Less:
Embedded derivatives – modco/funds withheld treaties	14		(7)		59		(230)
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives	—		39		(65)		113
Revenues before certain derivatives	392		263		702		525
Benefits and expenses:
Total benefits and expenses	243		202		473		353
Less:
Embedded derivatives – modco/funds withheld treaties	6		(2)		23		(115)
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives	(4)		2		(33)		40
Equity-indexed annuities	(2)		5		(16)		9
Benefits and expenses before certain derivatives	243		197		499		419
Income before income taxes:
Income before income taxes	163		93		223		55
Less:
Embedded derivatives – modco/funds withheld treaties	8		(5)		36		(115)
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives	4		37		(32)		73
Equity-indexed annuities	2		(5)		16		(9)
Income before income taxes and certain derivatives	$	149	$	66	$	203	$	106

Embedded Derivatives – Modco/Funds Withheld Treaties – Represents the change in the fair value of embedded derivatives on funds withheld at interest associated with treaties written on a modco or funds withheld basis. The fair value changes of embedded derivatives are reflected in revenues, while the related impact on deferred acquisition expenses is reflected in benefits and expenses. The Company’s utilization of a credit valuation adjustment did not have a material effect on the change in fair value of these embedded derivatives for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

The change in fair value of the embedded derivatives related to modco/funds withheld treaties, net of deferred acquisition costs increased (decreased) income before income taxes by $8 million and $(5) million for the second quarter and $36 million and $(115) million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in income for the second quarter was primarily due to amortization of the underlying investments within the funds withheld. The increase in income for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to tightening credit spreads, partially offset by higher risk free interest rates.

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Guaranteed Minimum Benefit Riders – Represents the impact related to guaranteed minimum benefits associated with the Company’s reinsurance of variable annuities. The fair value changes of the guaranteed minimum benefits along with the changes in fair value of the free standing derivatives (interest rate swaps, financial futures and equity options), purchased by the Company to substantially hedge the liability are reflected in revenues, while the related impact on deferred acquisition expenses is reflected in benefits and expenses. Changes in fair values of the embedded derivatives on guaranteed minimum benefits are net of an increase (decrease) in investment related gains (losses), net of $(8) million and $29 million for the second quarter and $(63) million and $127 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, associated with the Company’s utilization of a credit valuation adjustment.

The change in fair value of the guaranteed minimum benefits, after allowing for changes in the associated free standing derivatives, increased (decreased) income before income taxes by $4 million and $37 million for the second quarter and $(32) million and $73 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in income for the three months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to favorable hedging impacts. The decrease in income for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to a decrease in the credit valuation adjustment which has the impact of increasing the fair value of the guaranteed minimum benefit liability, net of related impact on deferred acquisition expenses.

Equity-Indexed Annuities – Represents changes in the liability for equity-indexed annuities in excess of changes in account value, after adjustments for related deferred acquisition expenses. The change in fair value of embedded derivative liabilities associated with equity-indexed annuities increased (decreased) income before income taxes by $2 million and $(5) million for the second quarter and $16 million and $(9) million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in income for the six months of 2021 was primarily due to an increase in risk free interest rates which has the impact of lowering the fair value of the liability.

The changes in derivatives discussed above are considered unrealized by management and do not affect current cash flows, crediting rates or spread performance on the underlying treaties. Fluctuations occur period to period primarily due to changing investment conditions including, but not limited to, interest rate movements (including benchmark rates and credit spreads), credit valuation adjustments, implied volatility and equity market performance, all of which are factors in the calculations of fair value. Therefore, management believes it is helpful to distinguish between the effects of changes in these derivatives and the primary factors that drive profitability of the underlying treaties, namely investment income, fee income (included in other revenues) and interest credited.

Discussion and analysis before certain derivatives:

•Income before income taxes and certain derivatives increased by $83 million and $97 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases were primarily due to an increase in transaction and other fees, favorable policyholder experience including impacts from COVID-19 and higher investment related gains (losses), net in coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios.

•Revenue before certain derivatives increased by $129 million and by $177 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2020. The increases were primarily due to the revenue associated with recently executed transactions, increases in fair value of equity options associated with the reinsurance of EIAs and higher investment related gains (losses), net in coinsurance portfolios. The effect on investment income related to equity options is substantially offset by a corresponding change in interest credited.

•Benefits and expenses before certain derivatives increased by $46 million and $80 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020. The increases in the second quarter and first six months were primarily due to higher interest credited associated with the reinsurance of EIAs due to improved equity market performance and benefits associated with recently executed transactions. The effect on interest credited related to equity options is substantially offset by a corresponding increase in investment income.

Capital Solutions

Income before income taxes for the U.S. and Latin America Capital Solutions’ business decreased $1 million, or 4.2%, and $1 million, or 2.1%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020. The decreases were primarily due to the termination of transactions, partially offset by growth from new transactions and organic growth on existing transactions. Fees earned from this business can vary significantly depending on the size of the transactions and the timing of their completion and therefore can fluctuate from period to period.

•At June 30, 2021 and 2020, the amount of reinsurance assumed from client companies, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, risk based capital and other financial structures was $22.3 billion and $19.4 billion, respectively.

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Canada Operations

The Company conducts reinsurance business in Canada primarily through RGA Canada, which assists clients with capital management activity and mortality and morbidity risk management. The Canada operations are primarily engaged in Traditional reinsurance, which consists mainly of traditional individual life reinsurance, and to a lesser extent creditor, group life and health, critical illness and disability reinsurance. Creditor insurance covers the outstanding balance on personal, mortgage or commercial loans in the event of death, disability or critical illness and is generally shorter in duration than traditional individual life insurance. The Canada Financial Solutions segment consists of longevity and capital solutions.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	324	$	274	$	50	$	627	$	555	$	72
Investment income, net of related expenses	63		50		13		123		100		23
Investment related gains (losses), net	—		6		(6)		2		(6)		8
Other revenues	5		3		2		9		4		5
Total revenues	392		333		59		761		653		108
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	298		233		65		582		473		109
Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	47		43		4		92		88		4
Other operating expenses	11		9		2		21		18		3
Total benefits and expenses	356		285		71		695		579		116
Income before income taxes	$	36	$	48	$	(12)	$	66	$	74	$	(8)

•The decrease in income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020, is primarily due to increased claims and other policy benefits associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. These increases are partially offset by an increase in net premiums in the Canada Traditional segment and investment income.

•Foreign currency fluctuations can result in variances in the financial statement line items. Foreign currency fluctuations resulted in a $4 million increase in income before income taxes for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed below are net of foreign currency fluctuations.

Traditional Reinsurance


	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021			2020			2021 vs 2020		2021			2020			2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	301		$	254		$	47	$	581		$	514		$	67
Investment income, net of related expenses	63			50			13		123			99			24
Investment related gains (losses), net	—			6			(6)		2			(6)			8
Other revenues	2			1			1		3			—			3
Total revenues	366			311			55		709			607			102
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	277			216			61		543			436			107
Interest credited	—			—			—		—			—			—
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	46			42			4		91			87			4
Other operating expenses	11			9			2		19			17			2
Total benefits and expenses	334			267			67		653			540			113
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	32		$	44		$	(12)	$	56		$	67		$	(11)
Key metrics:
Life insurance in force									$468.3 billion			$409.2 billion
Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”)	92.0		%	85.0		%			93.5		%	84.8		%
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums	15.3		%	16.5		%			15.7		%	16.9		%
Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums	3.7		%	3.5		%			3.3		%	3.3		%

The decrease in income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, is primarily due to unfavorable individual life mortality experience compared to the same period in 2020, partially offset by an increase in investment income.

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Revenues

•The segment added new life business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $8.5 billion and $9.1 billion for the second quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $22.7 billion, and $21.3 billion during the first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively.

•The increase in net investment income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to increased variable investment income and an increase in the invested asset base due to growth in the underlying business volume partially offset by a decline in interest rates.

•The decrease in investment related gains (losses), net in the second quarter of 2021 is primarily attributable to an increase in the fair value of credit default derivatives in the second quarter of 2020 due to a significant tightening in credit spreads, compared to an immaterial change in credit spreads during the second quarter of 2021. The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2021, is due to a modest increase in the fair value of credit default derivatives during the first six months of 2021, compared to a decrease in the fair value of credit default derivatives during the first six months of 2020 due to the significant widening of credit spreads in the first quarter of 2020.

Benefits and expenses

•The increase in the loss ratio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020, was primarily due to unfavorable claims experience in the individual mortality line of business, attributed primarily to the COVID-19 pandemic. While the cause of death is not yet available for all claims, the Company estimates that approximately $49 million of excess claims for the six months ended June 30, 2021, were attributable to COVID-19 or COVID-19 related factors.

Financial Solutions Reinsurance


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	23	$	20	$	3	$	46	$	41	$	5
Investment income, net of related expenses	—		—		—		—		1		(1)
Investment related gains (losses), net	—		—		—		—		—		—
Other revenues	3		2		1		6		4		2
Total revenues	26		22		4		52		46		6
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	21		17		4		39		37		2
Interest credited	—		—		—		—		—		—
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	1		1		—		1		1		—
Other operating expenses	—		—		—		2		1		1
Total benefits and expenses	22		18		4		42		39		3
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	4	$	4	$	—	$	10	$	7	$	3

Income before income taxes was flat for the second quarter of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. The increase in income before income taxes for the first six months of 2021 is primarily the result of favorable mortality experience on longevity business.

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Europe, Middle East and Africa Operations

The Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) operations include business primarily generated by offices in France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Middle East, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, Spain and the United Kingdom (“UK”). EMEA consists of two major segments: Traditional and Financial Solutions. The Traditional segment primarily provides reinsurance through yearly renewable term and coinsurance agreements on a variety of life, health and critical illness products. Reinsurance agreements may be facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks and, in some markets, group risks. The Financial Solutions segment consists of reinsurance and other transactions associated with longevity closed blocks, payout annuities, capital management solutions and financial reinsurance.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	517	$	409	$	108	$	1,034	$	852	$	182
Investment income, net of related expenses	74		79		(5)		142		126		16
Investment related gains (losses), net	2		16		(14)		18		10		8
Other revenues	5		3		2		7		4		3
Total revenues	598		507		91		1,201		992		209
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	456		314		142		1,000		701		299
Interest credited	2		16		(14)		1		(1)		2
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	28		33		(5)		59		64		(5)
Other operating expenses	41		30		11		78		67		11
Total benefits and expenses	527		393		134		1,138		831		307
Income before income taxes	$	71	$	114	$	(43)	$	63	$	161	$	(98)

•The decreases in income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020, were primarily due to unfavorable mortality experience mainly from the impact of COVID-19. These decreases were partially offset by increases in net premiums.

•Foreign currency fluctuations can result in variances in the financial statement line items. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in an increase in income before income taxes of $6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020. Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed below are net of foreign currency fluctuations.

Traditional Reinsurance


	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021			2020			2021 vs 2020		2021			2020			2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	433		$	352		$	81	$	871		$	742		$	129
Investment income, net of related expenses	24			18			6		44			37			7
Investment related gains (losses), net	—			—			—		—			—			—
Other revenues	2			1			1		1			(1)			2
Total revenues	459			371			88		916			778			138
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	414			301			113		883			635			248
Interest credited	—			—			—		—			—			—
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	27			32			(5)		56			62			(6)
Other operating expenses	30			22			8		57			48			9
Total benefits and expenses	471			355			116		996			745			251
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(12)		$	16		$	(28)	$	(80)		$	33		$	(113)
Key metrics:
Life insurance in force									$861.4 billion			$772.8 billion
Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”)	95.6		%	85.5		%			101.4		%	85.6		%
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums	6.2		%	9.1		%			6.4		%	8.4		%
Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums	6.9		%	6.3		%			6.5		%	6.5		%

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Income before income taxes decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020. The decreases were the result of poor mortality experience, primarily due to the impact of COVID-19. The decreases in both periods were partially offset by increases in net premiums.

Revenues

•The increase in net premiums for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020, was due to an in increase in business volume on new and existing treaties.

•The segment added new life business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $87.8 billion and $65.1 billion during the second quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $115.4 billion, and $98.0 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2021, and the same period in 2020, respectively.

Benefits and expenses

•The increase in the loss ratio for the second quarter and first six months of 2021 is due to unfavorable mortality experience primarily attributable to COVID-19. While the cause of death is not available for all claims, the Company estimates that approximately $130 million of excess claims for the six months ended June 30, 2021, were attributable to COVID-19 or COVID-19 related factors.

•The decrease in the ratio of policy acquisition costs and other insurance expense to net premium in the second quarter and first six months of 2021 is due to an overall increase in premiums and transactions with lower or no acquisition costs.

•The increase in other operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to an increase in incentive compensation expense.

Financial Solutions


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	84	$	57	$	27	$	163	$	110	$	53
Investment income, net of related expenses	50		61		(11)		98		89		9
Investment related gains (losses), net	2		16		(14)		18		10		8
Other revenues	3		2		1		6		5		1
Total revenues	139		136		3		285		214		71
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	42		13		29		117		66		51
Interest credited	2		16		(14)		1		(1)		2
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	1		1		—		3		2		1
Other operating expenses	11		8		3		21		19		2
Total benefits and expenses	56		38		18		142		86		56
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	83	$	98	$	(15)	$	143	$	128	$	15

The decrease in income before income taxes for the second quarter of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 is primarily due to decreases in investment income, net of related expenses and investment related gains (losses), net. The increase in income before income taxes for the first six months of 2021 was primarily due to new business activity and investment related gains on the investments supporting the segment’s payout annuity business.

Revenues

•The increase in net premiums for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020 was primarily due to increased volumes of closed longevity block business.

•The decrease in net investment income for the three months ended and increase for six month ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020 was primarily related to decreases and increases in income associated with unit-linked policies which fluctuate with market performance and is offset by a decrease in interest credited.

•The decrease and increase in investment related gains (losses), net for the three and six month periods, respectively, was primarily due to fluctuations in the fair market value of CPI swap derivatives due to changes in future inflation expectations.

Benefits and expenses

•The increase in claims and other policy benefits was the result of increased volumes of closed longevity block business.

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•The increase in benefits and expenses was partially offset by a decrease in interest credited primarily attributable to the sale of Leidsche, the Company’s subsidiary located in the Netherlands that issued unit-linked products. Interest credited in this segment relates to amounts credited to the contract holders of unit-linked products. This amount will fluctuate according to contract holder investment selections, equity returns and interest rates. The effect on interest credited related to unit-linked products is substantially offset by a corresponding change in investment income.

Asia Pacific Operations

The Asia Pacific operations include business generated by its offices principally in Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. The Traditional segment’s principal types of reinsurance include individual and group life and health, critical illness, disability and superannuation. Reinsurance agreements may be facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks, and in some markets, group risks. Superannuation is the Australian government mandated compulsory retirement savings program. Superannuation funds accumulate retirement funds for employees, and, in addition, typically offer life and disability insurance coverage. The Financial Solutions segment includes financial reinsurance, asset-intensive and certain disability and life blocks.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	664	$	638	$	26	$	1,326	$	1,348	$	(22)
Investment income, net of related expenses	65		48		17		126		92		34
Investment related gains (losses), net	15		15		—		26		(18)		44
Other revenues	13		10		3		30		24		6
Total revenues	757		711		46		1,508		1,446		62
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	620		546		74		1,184		1,163		21
Interest credited	15		11		4		30		24		6
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	52		39		13		106		102		4
Other operating expenses	51		42		9		100		85		15
Total benefits and expenses	738		638		100		1,420		1,374		46
Income before income taxes	$	19	$	73	$	(54)	$	88	$	72	$	16

•The decrease in income before income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2021, is primarily due to unfavorable claims experience in Asia compared to the prior period, partially offset by continued growth of Financial Solutions Reinsurance in Asia. The increase in income before income taxes for the first six months is primarily attributable to increases in investment income, net and investment related gains (losses), net partially offset by unfavorable claims experience in Asia compared to the prior period.

•Foreign currency fluctuations can result in variances in the financial statement line items. Foreign currency fluctuations resulted in an increase (decrease) in income before income taxes of $(1) million and $1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020. Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed below are net of foreign currency fluctuations.

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Traditional Reinsurance


	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021			2020			2021 vs 2020		2021			2020			2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	616		$	607		$	9	$	1,225		$	1,243		$	(18)
Investment income, net of related expenses	34			27			7		67			54			13
Investment related gains (losses), net	—			—			—		(1)			—			(1)
Other revenues	3			2			1		9			6			3
Total revenues	653			636			17		1,300			1,303			(3)
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	578			514			64		1,096			1,069			27
Interest credited	—			—			—		—			—			—
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	41			34			7		84			83			1
Other operating expenses	46			41			5		91			80			11
Total benefits and expenses	665			589			76		1,271			1,232			39
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(12)		$	47		$	(59)	$	29		$	71		$	(42)
Key metrics:
Life insurance in force									$516.1 billion			$649.5 billion
Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”)	93.8		%	84.7		%			89.5		%	86.0		%
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums	6.7		%	5.6		%			6.9		%	6.7		%
Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums	7.5		%	6.8		%			7.4		%	6.4		%

The decrease in income before income taxes is primarily the result of net unfavorable claims experience in Asia, primarily in India. The decrease for the first six months is also the result of year to date decreases in net premiums in Australia.

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Revenues

•The increase in net premiums for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020 is primarily the due to new business production partially offset by a reduction in premiums in Australia. Premiums for the first six months of 2021 was primarily due to premium reductions in Australia group business as a result of the non-renewal of two large group treaties effective June 30, 2020.

•The segment added new life business production, measured by face amount of insurance in force, of $10.9 billion and $16.6 billion during the second quarter of 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $18.5 billion, and $32.3 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, due to new business production and in force transactions offset by lapses, recaptures and non-renewal of two large group treaties in Australia.

Benefits and expenses

•The increases in the loss ratio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in 2020, were primarily due to unfavorable claims experience in Asia. While the cause of death is not yet available for all claims, the Company estimates that approximately $63 million of claims, of which approximately $57 million were incurred in India, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, were attributable to COVID-19 or COVID-19 related factors.

Financial Solutions


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	48	$	31	$	17	$	101	$	105	$	(4)
Investment income, net of related expenses	31		21		10		59		38		21
Investment related gains (losses), net	15		15		—		27		(18)		45
Other revenues	10		8		2		21		18		3
Total revenues	104		75		29		208		143		65
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	42		32		10		88		94		(6)
Interest credited	15		11		4		30		24		6
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses	11		5		6		22		19		3
Other operating expenses	5		1		4		9		5		4
Total benefits and expenses	73		49		24		149		142		7
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	31	$	26	$	5	$	59	$	1	$	58

The increase in income before income taxes for the second quarter was primarily due to continued growth in the business. The increase in income before income taxes for the first six months of 2021 was due to favorable fluctuations in the fair value of derivatives and continued growth and favorable experience on existing asset-intensive business in Asia. The amount of reinsurance assumed from client companies, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, risk based capital and other financial reinsurance structures was $1.6 billion and $3.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Fees earned from this business can vary significantly depending on the size, complexity and timing of the transactions and, therefore, can fluctuate from period to period.

Revenues

•The increase in net premiums for the second quarter is attributable to a higher contribution from single premium asset-intensive transactions in the three months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020.

•The increase in investment related gains (losses), net for the six month period ended June 30, 2021, is primarily due to favorable fluctuations in the fair value of credit default and CPI swap derivatives due to tightening credit spreads and higher future inflation expectations.

Benefits and expenses

•The increase in claims and other policy benefits in the second quarter is the result of an increase in reserves from single premium asset-intensive transactions in the three months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020.

Corporate and Other

Corporate and Other revenues primarily include investment income from unallocated invested assets, investment related gains and losses and service fees. Corporate and Other expenses consist of the offset to capital charges allocated to the operating segments within the policy acquisition costs and other insurance income line item, unallocated overhead and executive costs,

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interest expense related to debt, and the investment income and expense associated with the Company’s collateral finance and securitization transactions and service business expenses. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes results from certain wholly-owned subsidiaries, such as RGAX, and joint ventures that, among other activities, develop and market technology, and provide consulting and outsourcing solutions for the insurance and reinsurance industries. The Company has increased its investment and expenditures in this area in an effort to both support its clients and accelerate the development of new solutions and services to increase consumer engagement within the life insurance industry and hence generate new future revenue streams.


(dollars in millions)	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021 vs 2020		2021		2020		2021 vs 2020
Revenues:
Net premiums	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Investment income, net of related expenses	48		48		—		206		106		100
Investment related gains (losses), net	64		22		42		337		(45)		382
Other revenues	29		20		9		39		21		18
Total revenues	141		90		51		582		82		500
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits	—		—		—		—		—		—
Interest credited	1		3		(2)		2		5		(3)
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance income	(26)		(29)		3		(54)		(57)		3
Other operating expenses	86		69		17		156		131		25
Interest expense	43		42		1		88		83		5
Collateral finance and securitization expense	2		4		(2)		5		10		(5)
Total benefits and expenses	106		89		17		197		172		25
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	35	$	1	$	34	$	385	$	(90)	$	475

The increase in income before income taxes for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, is primarily due to an increase in total revenues and partially offset by an increase in other operating expenses.

•The increase in net investment income for the first six months of 2021 includes a reclassification of approximately $92 million of pre-tax unrealized gains on certain limited partnerships, for which the Company uses the equity method of accounting, from AOCI to net investment income. The unrealized gains should have been recognized directly in net investment income in the same prior periods they were reported as earnings by the investees.

•The increase in investment related gains (losses), net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, includes $27 million and $131 million, respectively, of changes in the carrying value of investments in limited partnerships considered to be investment companies. $70 million of the changes in the carrying value recognized in the first quarter relates to an adjustment to the carrying value from cost less impairments to a fair value approach, using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share or its equivalent, which should have been recognized in prior periods. The remaining increase for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, is attributable to gains on sales of fixed maturity securities, a decrease in the allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans as a result of assumption updates due to the improving view of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and changes in the fair value of derivatives and equity securities.

•The increase in other operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to an increase in incentive compensation expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

The Company believes that cash flows from the source of funds available to it will provide sufficient cash flows for the next twelve months to satisfy the current liquidity requirements of the Company under various scenarios that include the potential risk of early recapture of reinsurance treaties, market events and higher than expected claims associated with the pandemic. Given the uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the related volatility in the financial markets, the Company continues to maintain a higher cash and cash equivalent balance than its historical balances. The Company performs periodic liquidity stress testing to ensure its asset portfolio includes sufficient high quality liquid assets that could be utilized to bolster its liquidity position under stress scenarios. These assets could be utilized as collateral for secured borrowing transactions with various third parties or by selling the securities in the open market if needed. The Company’s liquidity requirements have been and will continue to be funded through net cash flows from operations. However, in the event of significant unanticipated cash requirements, the Company has multiple liquidity alternatives available based on market conditions and the amount and timing

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of the liquidity need. These alternatives include borrowings under committed credit facilities, secured borrowings, the ability to issue long-term debt, preferred securities or common equity and, the sale of invested assets subject to market conditions.

Current Market Environment

The Company’s average investment yield, excluding spread business, for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was 5.15%, 108 basis points higher compared to the same period in 2020. The increase in average yield is primarily attributable to the aforementioned accounting correction associated with equity method limited partnerships and an increase in the average invested asset base and overall yield, primarily attributable to an increase in variable investment income in the current year. However, the current interest rate environment continues to put downward pressure on the Company’s investment yield. The Company’s insurance liabilities, in particular its annuity products, are sensitive to changing market factors. Gross unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities available-for-sale decreased from $7.4 billion at December 31, 2020, to $5.8 billion at June 30, 2021. Similarly, gross unrealized losses increased from $197 million at December 31, 2020, to $267 million at June 30, 2021.

The Company continues to be in a position to hold any investment security showing an unrealized loss until recovery, provided it remains comfortable with the credit of the issuer. As indicated above, gross unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities of $5.8 billion remain well in excess of gross unrealized losses of $267 million as of June 30, 2021. The Company does not rely on short-term funding or commercial paper and to date has experienced no liquidity pressure, nor does it anticipate such pressure in the foreseeable future.

The Company projects its reserves to be sufficient, and it would not expect to write down deferred acquisition costs or be required to take any actions to augment capital, even if interest rates remain at current levels for the next five years, assuming all other factors remain constant. While the Company has felt the pressures of sustained low interest rates and volatile equity markets and may continue to do so, its business and results of operations are not overly sensitive to these risks. Mortality and morbidity risks continue to be the most significant risk for the Company. Although management believes the Company’s current capital base is adequate to support its business at current operating levels, it continues to monitor new business opportunities and any associated new capital needs that could arise from the changing financial landscape.

The Holding Company

RGA is an insurance holding company whose primary uses of liquidity include, but are not limited to, the immediate capital needs of its operating companies, dividends paid to its shareholders, repurchase of common stock and interest payments on its indebtedness. The primary sources of RGA’s liquidity include proceeds from its capital-raising efforts, interest income on undeployed corporate investments, interest income received on surplus notes with RGA Reinsurance, RCM and Rockwood Re and dividends from operating subsidiaries. The following tables provide comparative information for RGA (dollars in millions):


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest and dividend income	$	32	$	183	$	64	$	408
Interest expense	51		50		103		100
Capital contributions to subsidiaries	3		18		7		33
Issuance of unaffiliated debt	—		598		—		598
Dividends to shareholders	47		43		95		87
Issuance of common stock, net of expenses	—		481		—		481
Purchase of treasury stock	2		—		2		153


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Cash and invested assets	$	611	$	1,308

See Item 15, Schedule II – “Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant” in the 2020 Annual Report for additional financial information related to RGA.

The undistributed earnings of substantially all of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries have been reinvested indefinitely in those non-U.S. operations, as described in Note 9 – “Income Tax” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2020 Annual Report. As U.S. Tax Reform generally eliminates U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries, the Company does not expect to incur material income taxes if these funds are repatriated.

RGA endeavors to maintain a capital structure that provides financial and operational flexibility to its subsidiaries, credit ratings that support its competitive position in the financial services marketplace, and shareholder returns. As part of the Company’s capital deployment strategy, it has in recent years repurchased shares of RGA common stock and paid dividends to RGA shareholders, as authorized by the board of directors. RGA’s current share repurchase program, which was approved by the board of directors in January 2019, authorizes the repurchase of up to $400 million of common stock. On August 3, 2021, the Company announced the lifting of the existing suspension on share repurchases. The pace of repurchase activity depends on

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various factors such as the level of available cash, an evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with alternative uses of excess capital, such as acquisitions and in force reinsurance transactions, and RGA’s stock price.

Details underlying dividend and share repurchase program activity were as follows (in millions, except share data):


	Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020
Dividends to shareholders	$	95	$	87
Purchase of treasury stock (1)	—		153
Total amount paid to shareholders	$	95	$	240

Number of treasury shares purchased (1)	—		1,074,413
Average price per share	$	—	$	142.05

(1) Excludes shares utilized to execute and settle certain stock incentive awards.

On June 5, 2020, the Company completed a public offering of 6,172,840 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, at a public offering price of $81.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $481 million. The Company granted the underwriters an option to purchase from the Company, within 30 days after the underwriting Agreement dated June 2, 2020, up to an additional 925,926 shares of common stock at the offering price of $81.00 per share. The underwriters’ option was not exercised and expired on July 2, 2020. The Company utilized the net proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes.

In July 2021, RGA’s board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.73 per share. All future payments of dividends are at the discretion of RGA’s board of directors and will depend on the Company’s earnings, capital requirements, insurance regulatory conditions, operating conditions, and other such factors as the board of directors may deem relevant. The amount of dividends that RGA can pay will depend in part on the operations of its reinsurance subsidiaries. See Note 3 – “Equity” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on the Company’s share repurchase program.

Debt

Certain of the Company’s debt agreements contain financial covenant restrictions related to, among others, liens, the issuance and disposition of stock of restricted subsidiaries, minimum requirements of consolidated net worth, maximum ratios of debt to capitalization and change of control provisions. The Company is required to maintain a minimum consolidated net worth, as defined in the debt agreements, of $5.3 billion, calculated as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. Also, consolidated indebtedness, calculated as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, cannot exceed 35% of the sum of the Company’s consolidated indebtedness plus adjusted consolidated stockholders’ equity. A material ongoing covenant default could require immediate payment of the amount due, including principal, under the various agreements. Additionally, the Company’s debt agreements contain cross-acceleration covenants, which would make outstanding borrowings immediately payable in the event of a material uncured covenant default under any of the agreements, including, but not limited to, non-payment of indebtedness when due for an amount in excess of the amounts set forth in those agreements, bankruptcy proceedings, or any other event that results in the acceleration of the maturity of indebtedness.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had $3.2 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively, in outstanding borrowings under its debt agreements and was in compliance with all covenants under those agreements. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the average net interest rate on long-term debt outstanding was 4.48% and 4.54%, respectively. The ability of the Company to make debt principal and interest payments depends on the earnings and surplus of subsidiaries, investment earnings on undeployed capital proceeds, available liquidity at the holding company, and the Company’s ability to raise additional funds.

On June 9, 2020, RGA issued 3.15% Senior Notes due June 15, 2030, with a face amount of $600 million. This security has been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The net proceeds were approximately $593 million and were used in part to repay the Company’s $400 million 5.000% senior notes due in the second quarter of 2021, and the remainder was used for general corporate purposes. Capitalized issue costs were approximately $5 million.

The Company enters into derivative agreements with counterparties that reference either the Company’s debt rating or its financial strength rating. If either rating is downgraded in the future, it could trigger certain terms in the Company’s derivative agreements, which could negatively affect overall liquidity. For the majority of the Company’s derivative agreements, there is a termination event should the long-term senior debt ratings drop below either BBB+ (S&P) or Baa1 (Moody’s) or the financial strength ratings drop below either A- (S&P) or A3 (Moody’s).

The Company may borrow up to $850 million in cash and obtain letters of credit in multiple currencies on its revolving credit facility that matures in August 2023. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had no cash borrowings outstanding and $21 million in issued, but undrawn, letters of credit under this facility.

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Based on the historic cash flows and the current financial results of the Company, management believes RGA’s cash flows will be sufficient to enable RGA to meet its obligations for at least the next twelve months.

Credit and Committed Facilities

At June 30, 2021, the Company maintained an $850 million syndicated revolving credit facility and certain committed letter of credit facilities aggregating to $1.1 billion. See Note 13 – “Debt” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2020 Annual Report for further information about these facilities.

The Company has obtained bank letters of credit in favor of various affiliated and unaffiliated insurance companies from which the Company assumes business. These letters of credit represent guarantees of performance under the reinsurance agreements and allow ceding companies to take statutory reserve credits. Certain of these letters of credit contain financial covenant restrictions similar to those described in the “Debt” discussion above. At June 30, 2021, there were approximately $23 million of outstanding bank letters of credit in favor of third parties. Additionally, in accordance with applicable regulations, the Company utilizes letters of credit to secure statutory reserve credits when it retrocedes business to its affiliated subsidiaries. The Company cedes business to its affiliates to help reduce the amount of regulatory capital required in certain jurisdictions, such as the U.S. and the UK. The Company believes the capital required to support the business in the affiliates reflects more realistic expectations than the original jurisdiction of the business, where capital requirements are often considered to be quite conservative. As of June 30, 2021, $1.5 billion in letters of credit from various banks were outstanding, but undrawn, backing reinsurance between the various subsidiaries of the Company.

Cash Flows

The Company’s principal cash inflows from its reinsurance operations include premiums and deposit funds received from ceding companies. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash flows are early recapture of the reinsurance contract by the ceding company and lapses of annuity products reinsured by the Company. The Company’s principal cash inflows from its invested assets result from investment income and the maturity and sales of invested assets. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash inflows relates to the risk of default by debtors and interest rate volatility. The Company manages these risks very closely. See “Investments” and “Interest Rate Risk” below.

Additional sources of liquidity to meet unexpected cash outflows in excess of operating cash inflows and current cash and equivalents on hand also includes drawing funds under a revolving credit facility, under which the Company had availability of $829 million as of June 30, 2021. The Company also has $419 million of funds available through collateralized borrowings from the FHLB as of June 30, 2021. As of June 30, 2021, the Company could have borrowed these additional amounts without violating any of its existing debt covenants.

The Company’s principal cash outflows relate to the payment of claims liabilities, interest credited, operating expenses, income taxes, dividends to shareholders, purchases of treasury stock and principal and interest under debt and other financing obligations. The Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts (See Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2020 Annual Report). The Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance. The Company has never experienced a material default in connection with retrocession arrangements, nor has it experienced any difficulty in collecting claims recoverable from retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can be given as to the future performance of such retrocessionaires nor to the recoverability of future claims. The Company’s management believes its cash and cash equivalents along with its current sources of liquidity are adequate to meet its cash requirements for the next twelve months, despite the uncertainty associated with the pandemic.

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Summary of Primary Sources and Uses of Liquidity and Capital

The Company’s primary sources and uses of liquidity and capital are summarized as follows:


		For the six months ended June 30,
		2021		2020
		(Dollars in millions)
Sources:
	Net cash provided by operating activities	$	2,330	$	2,579

	Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net	—		481
	Proceeds from long-term debt issuance	—		598
	Exercise of stock options, net	—		1
	Change in cash collateral for derivative positions and other arrangements	184		93
	Cash provided by changes in universal life and other
	investment type policies and contracts	79		575

	Total sources	2,593		4,327

Uses:
	Net cash used in investing activities	2,173		1,024
	Dividends to stockholders	95		87
	Repayment of collateral finance and securitization notes	65		160
	Debt issuance costs	—		5
	Principal payments of long-term debt	401		1

	Purchases of treasury stock	2		162





	Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	11		24
	Total uses	2,747		1,463
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		$	(154)	$	2,864

Cash Flows from Operations – The principal cash inflows from the Company’s reinsurance activities come from premiums, investment and fee income, annuity considerations and deposit funds. The principal cash outflows relate to the liabilities associated with various life and health insurance, annuity and disability products, operating expenses, income tax payments and interest on outstanding debt obligations. The primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash flows is the risk of shortfalls in premiums and investment income, particularly in periods with abnormally high claims levels.

Cash Flows from Investments – The principal cash inflows from the Company’s investment activities come from repayments of principal on invested assets, proceeds from maturities of invested assets, sales of invested assets and settlements of freestanding derivatives. The principal cash outflows relate to purchases of investments, issuances of policy loans and settlements of freestanding derivatives. The Company typically has a net cash outflow from investing activities because cash inflows from insurance operations are reinvested in accordance with its asset/liability management discipline to fund insurance liabilities. The Company closely monitors and manages these risks through its credit risk management process. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash flows are the risk of default by debtors and market disruption, which could make it difficult for the Company to sell investments.

Financing Cash Flows – The principal cash inflows from the Company’s financing activities come from issuances of RGA debt and equity securities, and deposit funds associated with universal life and other investment type policies and contracts. The principal cash outflows come from repayments of debt, payments of dividends to stockholders, purchases of treasury stock, and withdrawals associated with universal life and other investment type policies and contracts. A primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash flows is the risk of early contractholder and policyholder withdrawal.

Contractual Obligations

There were no other material changes in the Company’s contractual obligations from those reported in the 2020 Annual Report, except for the following:

•The Company’s contractual obligations associated with interest sensitive liabilities increased from $37.1 billion at December 2020 to $41.7 billion as of June 30, 2021, primarily due to a large asset-intensive transaction completed in the second quarter. The majority of the payments due under these commitments are expected to occur beyond five years.

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•The Company’s contractual obligations associated with limited partnerships and other investment related commitments increased from $1.1 billion at December 2020 to $1.8 billion as of June 30, 2021, primarily due to an increase in new investment opportunities in the current period. The majority of the payments due under these commitments are expected to occur within the next twelve months.

Asset / Liability Management

The Company actively manages its cash and invested assets using an approach that is intended to balance quality, diversification, asset/liability matching, liquidity and investment return. The goals of the investment process are to optimize after-tax, risk-adjusted investment income and after-tax, risk-adjusted total return while managing the assets and liabilities on a cash flow and duration basis.

The Company has established target asset portfolios for its operating segments, which represent the investment strategies intended to profitably fund its liabilities within acceptable risk parameters. These strategies include objectives and limits for effective duration, yield curve sensitivity and convexity, liquidity, asset sector concentration and credit quality.

The Company’s asset-intensive products are primarily supported by investments in fixed maturity securities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet and under funds withheld arrangements with the ceding company. Investment guidelines are established to structure the investment portfolio based upon the type, duration and behavior of products in the liability portfolio so as to achieve targeted levels of profitability. The Company manages the asset-intensive business to provide a targeted spread between the interest rate earned on investments and the interest rate credited to the underlying interest-sensitive contract liabilities. The Company periodically reviews models projecting different interest rate scenarios and their effect on profitability. Certain of these asset-intensive agreements, primarily in the U.S. and Latin America Financial Solutions operating segment, are generally funded by fixed maturity securities that are withheld by the ceding company.

The Company’s liquidity position (cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments) was $3.4 billion and $3.6 billion at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Given the uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the related volatility in the financial markets, the Company has increased its liquidity position. Liquidity needs are determined from valuation analyses conducted by operational units and are driven by product portfolios. Periodic evaluations of demand liabilities and short-term liquid assets are designed to adjust specific portfolios, as well as their durations and maturities, in response to anticipated liquidity needs.

See “Securities Borrowing, Lending and Other” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to the Company’s securities borrowing, lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase programs. In addition to its security agreements with third parties, certain RGA’s subsidiaries have entered into intercompany securities lending agreements to more efficiently source securities for lending to third parties and to provide for more efficient regulatory capital management.

The Company is a member of the FHLB and holds $84 million of FHLB common stock, which is included in other invested assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has entered into funding agreements with the FHLB under guaranteed investment contracts whereby the Company has issued the funding agreements in exchange for cash and for which the FHLB has been granted a blanket lien on the Company’s commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans used to collateralize the Company’s obligations under the funding agreements. The Company maintains control over these pledged assets, and may use, commingle, encumber or dispose of any portion of the collateral as long as there is no event of default and the remaining qualified collateral is sufficient to satisfy the collateral maintenance level. The funding agreements and the related security agreements represented by this blanket lien provide that upon any event of default by the Company, the FHLB’s recovery is limited to the amount of the Company’s liability under the outstanding funding agreements. The amount of the Company’s liability for the funding agreements with the FHLB under guaranteed investment contracts was $1.8 billion at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, which is included in interest-sensitive contract liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The advances on these agreements are collateralized primarily by commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage loans, and U.S. Treasury and government agency securities. The amount of collateral exceeds the liability and is dependent on the type of assets collateralizing the guaranteed investment contracts.

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Investments

Management of Investments

The Company’s investment and derivative strategies involve matching the characteristics of its reinsurance products and other obligations and to seek to closely approximate the interest rate sensitivity of the assets with estimated interest rate sensitivity of the reinsurance liabilities. The Company achieves its income objectives through strategic and tactical asset allocations, security and derivative strategies within an asset/liability management and disciplined risk management framework. Derivative strategies are employed within the Company’s risk management framework to help manage duration, currency, and other risks in assets and/or liabilities and to replicate the credit characteristics of certain assets.

The Company’s portfolio management groups work with the Enterprise Risk Management function to develop the investment policies for the assets of the Company’s domestic and international investment portfolios. All investments held by the Company, directly or in a funds withheld at interest reinsurance arrangement, are monitored for conformance with the Company’s stated investment policy limits as well as any limits prescribed by the applicable jurisdiction’s insurance laws and regulations. See Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company’s investments.

Effects of COVID-19

Credit markets continued to recover during the first six months of 2021 following the disruption in the global financial markets caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company has exposure to some of the asset classes and industries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic such as commercial mortgage loans, emerging market debt, energy, and airlines; however, the Company’s primary exposure in these asset classes is of high quality assets. The Company continues to monitor and evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its investment portfolio and is working closely with its borrowers to evaluate any short-term cash flow issues.

Portfolio Composition

The Company had total cash and invested assets of $79.6 billion and $75.8 billion as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, as illustrated below (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021		% of Total		December 31, 2020		% of Total
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale	$	58,287	73.2	%	$	56,735	74.8	%
Equity securities	147		0.2		132		0.2
Mortgage loans on real estate	6,481		8.1		5,787		7.6
Policy loans	1,254		1.6		1,258		1.7
Funds withheld at interest	7,049		8.9		5,432		7.2
Short-term investments	184		0.2		227		0.3
Other invested assets	2,924		3.7		2,829		3.7
Cash and cash equivalents	3,254		4.1		3,408		4.5
Total cash and invested assets	$	79,580	100.0	%	$	75,808	100.0	%

Investment Yield

The following table presents consolidated average invested assets, at amortized cost, net investment income, investment yield, variable investment income (“VII”), and investment yield excluding VII, which can vary significantly from period to period (dollars in millions). The table excludes spread related business. Spread related business is primarily associated with contracts on which the Company earns an interest rate spread between assets and liabilities. To varying degrees, fluctuations in the yield on other spread related business is generally subject to corresponding adjustments to the interest credited on the liabilities.


	Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,
	2021			2020			Increase/ (Decrease)		2021			2020			Increase/ (Decrease)
Average invested assets at amortized cost	$	33,587		$	30,420		$	3,167	$	33,266		$	29,923		$	3,343
Net investment income	$	383		$	305		$	78	$	846		$	604		$	242
Annualized investment yield (ratio of net investment income to average invested assets at amortized cost)	4.64		%	4.07		%	57 bps		5.15		%	4.07		%	108 bps
VII (included in net investment income)	$	78		$	16		$	62	$	240		$	19		$	221
Annualized investment yield excluding VII (ratio of net investment income, excluding VII, to average invested assets, excluding assets with only VII, at amortized cost)	3.84		%	3.99		%	(15) bps		3.82		%	4.09		%	(27) bps

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Investment yield increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, in comparison to the same periods in the prior year, primarily due to increased variable income from limited partnerships and real estate joint ventures, which are included in other invested assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Investment yield excluding variable investment income decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, in comparison to the same periods in the prior year, primarily due to the continued low interest rate environment.

Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale

See “Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables that provide the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of these securities by type as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

The Company holds various types of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale and classifies them as corporate securities (“Corporate”), Canadian and Canadian provincial government securities (“Canadian government”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), asset-backed securities (“ABS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), U.S. government and agencies (“U.S. government”), state and political subdivisions, and other foreign government, supranational and foreign government-sponsored enterprises (“Other foreign government”). RMBS, ABS, and CMBS are collectively “structured securities.” As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately 93.9% and 94.0%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated investment portfolio of fixed maturity securities were investment grade.

Important factors in the selection of investments include diversification, quality, yield, call protection and total rate of return potential. The relative importance of these factors is determined by market conditions and the underlying reinsurance liability and existing portfolio characteristics. The Company owns floating rate securities that represent approximately 5.2% and 5.6% of the total fixed maturity securities as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. These investments have a higher degree of income variability than the other fixed income holdings in the portfolio due to fluctuations in interest payments. The Company holds floating rate investments to match specific floating rate liabilities primarily reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as collateral finance notes, as well as to enhance asset management strategies.

The largest asset class in which fixed maturity securities were invested was corporate securities, which represented approximately 63.4% and 63.9% of total fixed maturity securities as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. See “Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables showing the major sector types, which comprise the corporate fixed maturity holdings as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

As of June 30, 2021, the Company’s investments in Canadian government securities represented 8.4% of the fair value of total fixed maturity securities compared to 9.1% of the fair value of total fixed maturities as of December 31, 2020. These assets are primarily high quality, long duration provincial strip bonds, the valuation of which is closely linked to the interest rate curve. These assets are longer in duration and held primarily for asset/liability management to meet Canadian regulatory requirements.

The Company references rating agency designations in some of its investments disclosures. These designations are based on the ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, primarily Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. Structured securities held by the Company’s insurance subsidiaries that maintain the NAIC statutory basis of accounting utilize the NAIC rating methodology. The NAIC assigns designations to publicly traded as well as privately placed securities. The designations assigned by the NAIC range from class 1 to class 6, with designations in classes 1 and 2 generally considered investment grade (BBB or higher rating agency designation). NAIC designations in classes 3 through 6 are generally considered below investment grade (BB or lower rating agency designation).

The quality of the Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities portfolio, as measured at fair value and by the percentage of fixed maturity securities invested in various ratings categories, relative to the entire available-for-sale fixed maturity securities portfolio, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was as follows (dollars in millions):


		June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
NAIC Designation	Rating Agency Designation	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total
1	AAA/AA/A	$	31,394	$	34,862	59.8	%	$	29,770	$	34,589	60.9	%
2	BBB	17,948		19,896		34.1		16,440		18,751		33.1
3	BB	2,575		2,683		4.6		2,480		2,588		4.6
4	B	686		678		1.2		713		697		1.2
5	CCC and lower	179		159		0.3		131		102		0.2
6	In or near default	15		9		—		14		8		—
	Total	$	52,797	$	58,287	100.0	%	$	49,548	$	56,735	100.0	%

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The Company’s fixed maturity portfolio includes structured securities. The following table shows the types of structured securities the Company held as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		% of Total
RMBS:
Agency	$	623	$	667	9.9	%	$	686	$	744	11.0	%
Non-agency	700		710		10.5		1,049		1,073		15.8
Total RMBS	1,323		1,377		20.4		1,735		1,817		26.8
ABS:
Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)	1,722		1,720		25.6		1,707		1,689		24.9
ABS, excluding CLOs	1,745		1,762		26.2		1,392		1,403		20.7
Total ABS	3,467		3,482		51.8		3,099		3,092		45.6
CMBS	1,774		1,869		27.8		1,790		1,868		27.6
Total	$	6,564	$	6,728	100.0	%	$	6,624	$	6,777	100.0	%

The Company’s RMBS portfolio includes agency-issued pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. Agency-issued pass-through securities are guaranteed or otherwise supported by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association, or the Government National Mortgage Association. The principal risks inherent in holding RMBS are prepayment and extension risks, which will affect the timing of when cash will be received and are dependent on the level of mortgage interest rates. Prepayment risk is the unexpected increase in principal payments from the expected, primarily as a result of owner refinancing. Extension risk relates to the unexpected slowdown in principal payments from the expected. In addition, non-agency RMBS face credit risk should the borrower be unable to pay the contractual interest or principal on their obligation. The Company monitors its mortgage-backed securities to mitigate exposure to the cash flow uncertainties associated with these risks.

The Company’s ABS portfolio primarily consists of CLOs, single-family rentals, container leasing, railcar leasing, aircraft and student loans. The principal risks in holding ABS are structural, credit, capital market and interest rate risks. Structural risks include the securities’ cash flow priority in the capital structure and the inherent prepayment sensitivity of the underlying collateral. Credit risks include the adequacy and ability to realize proceeds from the collateral. Credit risks are mitigated by credit enhancements that include excess spread, over-collateralization and subordination. Capital market risks include general level of interest rates and the liquidity for these securities in the marketplace.

The Company’s CMBS portfolio primarily consists of large pool securitizations that are diverse by property type, borrower and geographic dispersion. The principal risks in holding CMBS are structural and credit risks. Structural risks include the securities’ cash flow priority in the capital structure and the inherent prepayment sensitivity of the underlying collateral. Credit risks include the adequacy and ability to realize proceeds from the collateral. The Company focuses on investment grade rated tranches that provide additional credit support beyond the equity protection in the underlying loans. These assets are viewed as an attractive alternative to other fixed income asset classes.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had $267 million and $197 million, respectively, of gross unrealized losses related to its fixed maturity securities. The Company monitors its fixed maturity securities to determine impairments in value and evaluates factors such as financial condition of the issuer, payment performance, compliance with covenants, general market and industry sector conditions, current intent and ability to hold securities, and various other subjective factors. Based on management’s judgment, securities determined to have expected credit losses will record an allowance for credit losses in the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost.

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Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The Company’s mortgage loan portfolio consists of U.S., Canada and UK based investments primarily in commercial offices, light industrial properties and retail locations. The mortgage loan portfolio is diversified by geographic region and property type as discussed further under “Mortgage Loans on Real Estate” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Most of the mortgage loans in the Company’s portfolio range in size up to $30 million, with the average mortgage loan investment as of June 30, 2021, totaling approximately $9 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company decreased its allowance for credit losses on its commercial mortgage loan portfolio by approximately $19 million to reflect the updated outlook from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Company continues to monitor and evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its investment portfolio and is working closely with its borrowers to evaluate any short-term cash flow issues. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company modified the payment terms of one commercial mortgage loan, with a carrying value of approximately $10 million in response to COVID-19. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company modified the payments terms of approximately 52 commercial mortgage loans, with a carrying value of approximately $660 million in response to COVID-19. These loans met the criteria established in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) and were not considered a troubled debt restructuring. In accordance with the CARES Act criteria, these loans were not more than 30 days past due at December 31, 2019, and the modifications included deferral or delayed payments of principal or interest on the loan. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans, gross of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and expenses and allowance for credit losses, were distributed geographically as follows (dollars in millions):


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Recorded Investment		% of Total		Recorded Investment		% of Total
U.S. Region:
West	$	2,361	36.1	%	$	2,253	38.5	%
South	2,235		34.2		2,040		34.8
Midwest	1,204		18.4		1,027		17.5
Northeast	410		6.3		277		4.7
Subtotal - U.S.	6,210		95.0		5,597		95.5
Canada	208		3.2		188		3.2
United Kingdom	117		1.8		76		1.3
Other	2		—		—		—
Total	$	6,537	100.0	%	$	5,861	100.0	%

See “Allowance for Credit Losses and Impairments” in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report for information regarding the Company’s policy for allowance for credit losses and impairments on mortgage loans.

See “Mortgage Loans on Real Estate” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding allowance for credit losses and impairments.

Impairments and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company’s determination of whether a decline in value necessitates the recording of an allowance for credit losses includes an analysis of whether the issuer is current on its contractual payments, evaluating whether it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security and analyzing the overall ability of the Company to recover the amortized cost of the investment. See “Allowance for Credit Losses and Impairments” in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report for additional information. The table below summarizes investment related (gains) losses, net, for impairments and changes in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity securities, other impairment losses and changes in the mortgage loan allowance for credit losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in millions).


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

Impairments and change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity securities	$	(5)	$	—	$	(3)	$	34
Other impairment losses and changes in provision	(1)		5		(2)		5
Change in mortgage loan allowance for credit losses	(2)		17		(19)		30
Total	$	(8)	$	22	$	(24)	$	69

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The decrease in mortgage loan allowance for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to the updated outlook from the COVID-19 pandemic. The impairments and change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity securities for the six months ended June 30, 2020, were primarily related to high-yield securities as a result of the uncertainty in the global markets due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the increase in mortgage loan allowance for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2020, was primarily due to the estimated impact from the COVID-19 pandemic.

See “Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables that present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses for securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost, by class and grade, as well as the length of time the related estimated fair value has remained below amortized cost as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company classified approximately 6.7% and 5.9%, respectively, of its fixed maturity securities in the Level 3 category (refer to Note 6 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). These securities primarily consist of private placement corporate securities, bank loans, and Canadian provincial strip bonds with inactive trading markets.

See “Securities Borrowing, Lending and Repurchase Agreements” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to the Company’s securities borrowing, lending, and repurchase/reverse repurchase programs.

Policy Loans

The majority of policy loans are associated with one client. These policy loans present no credit risk because the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due to the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the underlying policies determine the policy loan interest rates. The Company earns a spread between the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate credited to corresponding liabilities.

Funds Withheld at Interest

For reinsurance agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company, and are reflected as funds withheld at interest on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. In the event of a ceding company’s insolvency, the Company would need to assert a claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities. However, the risk of loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset amounts it owes the ceding company for claims or allowances against amounts owed by the ceding company. Interest accrues to the total funds withheld at interest assets at rates defined by the treaty terms. The Company is subject to the investment performance on the withheld assets, although it does not directly control them. These assets are primarily fixed maturity investment securities and pose risks similar to the fixed maturity securities the Company owns. To mitigate this risk, the Company helps set the investment guidelines followed by the ceding company and monitors compliance. Ceding companies with funds withheld at interest had an average financial strength rating of “A” as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Certain ceding companies maintain segregated portfolios for the benefit of the Company.

Other Invested Assets

Other invested assets include limited partnership interests, joint ventures (other than operating joint ventures), lifetime mortgages, derivative contracts, fair value option (“FVO”) contractholder-directed unit-linked investments and FHLB common stock. See “Other Invested Assets” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a table that presents the carrying value of the Company’s other invested assets by type as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to protect the Company against possible changes in the fair value of its investment portfolio as a result of interest rate changes, to hedge against risk of changes in the purchase price of securities, to hedge liabilities associated with the reinsurance of variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits and to manage the portfolio’s effective yield, maturity and duration. In addition, the Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to reduce the risk associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company uses exchange-traded, centrally cleared, and customized over-the-counter derivative financial instruments.

See Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a table that presents the notional amounts and fair value of investment related derivative instruments held as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

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The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. As exchange-traded futures are affected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties. See Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments.

The Company holds $958 million and $935 million, of lifetime mortgages, net of allowance for credit losses, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, in beneficial interests in lifetime mortgages in the UK. Investment income includes $13 million and $10 million in interest income earned on lifetime mortgages for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $26 million and $20 million in interest income earned on lifetime mortgages for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Lifetime mortgages represent loans provided to individuals 55 years of age and older secured by the borrower’s residence. Lifetime mortgages are comparable to a home equity loan by allowing the borrower to utilize the equity in their home as collateral. The amount of the loan is dependent on the appraised value of the home at the time of origination, the borrower's age and interest rate. Unlike a home equity loan, no payment of principal or interest is required until the death of the borrower or sale of the home. Lifetime mortgages may also be either fully funded at origination, or the borrower can request periodic funding similar to a line of credit. Lifetime mortgages are subject to risks, including market, credit, interest rate, liquidity, operational, reputational and legal risks.

New Accounting Standards

See Note 14 – “New Accounting Standards” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of fluctuations in the value of financial instruments as a result of absolute or relative changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equity prices or commodity prices. To varying degrees, the Company products and services, and the investment activities supporting them, generate exposure to market risk. The market risk incurred, and the Company’s strategies for managing this risk, vary by product. As of June 30, 2021, there have been no material changes in the Company’s economic exposure to market risk or the Company’s Enterprise Risk Management function from December 31, 2020, a description of which may be found in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2020, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the quarter ended June 30, 2021, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of our workforce began working remotely in March 2020. These changes to the working environment did not have a material effect on our internal controls over financial reporting during the most recent quarter. The Company continues to monitor and assess the COVID-19 situation on its internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table summarizes RGA’s repurchase activity of its common stock during the quarter ended June 30, 2021:


	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Program
April 1, 2021 – April 30, 2021	—	$	—	—	$	167,573,148
May 1, 2021 – May 31, 2021	845	$	126.86	—	$	167,573,148
June 1, 2021 – June 30, 2021	124	$	115.80	—	$	167,573,148

(1)RGA had no repurchases of common stock under its share repurchase program for April, May and June 2021. The Company net settled – issuing 2,414 and 2,095 shares from treasury and repurchased from recipients 845 and 124 shares in May and June 2021, respectively, in settlement of income tax withholding requirements incurred by the recipients of equity incentive awards.

On January 24, 2019, RGA’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $400 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock. The authorization was effective immediately and does not have an expiration date. In connection with this authorization, the board of directors terminated the stock repurchase authority granted in 2017. On August 3, 2021, the Company announced the lifting of the existing suspension on share repurchases. The pace of repurchase activity depends on various factors such as the level of available cash, an evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with alternative uses of excess capital, such as acquisitions and in force reinsurance transactions, and RGA’s stock price..

ITEM 6. Exhibits

See index to exhibits.

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS



Exhibit Number						Description

3.1						Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, effective as of May 21, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1(i) to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 22, 2020.

3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective as of May 23, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018.

10.1						Amendment to the Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated Flexible Stock Plan, effective May 19, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2021.

10.2						Amendment to the Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated Flexible Stock Plan for Directors, effective May 19, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2021.

10.3						Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated Phantom Stock Plan for Directors, as amended and restated effective May 19, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2021.

31.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS						XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
Date: August 5, 2021	By:	/s/ Anna Manning
		Anna Manning
		President & Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: August 5, 2021	By:	/s/ Todd C. Larson
		Todd C. Larson
		Senior Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Document

Exhibit 31.1

CEO CERTIFICATION

I, Anna Manning, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 5, 2021

/s/ Anna Manning

Anna Manning

President & Chief Executive Officer

Document

Exhibit 31.2

CFO CERTIFICATION

I, Todd C. Larson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 5, 2021

/s/ Todd C. Larson

Todd C. Larson

Senior Executive Vice President
& Chief Financial Officer

Document

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries, (the “Company”), for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Anna Manning, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certifies, to her best knowledge and belief, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 5, 2021

/s/ Anna Manning

Anna Manning

President & Chief Executive Officer

Document

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated and subsidiaries, (the “Company”), for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Todd C. Larson, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certifies, to his best knowledge and belief, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 5, 2021

/s/ Todd C. Larson

Todd C. Larson

Chief Financial Officer

& Senior Executive Vice President